Graphene modified Palladium sensor for electrochemical analysis of norepinephrine in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids

Nanopalladium grained polymer nanocomposite based sensor for the sensitive determination of Melatonin

“…GO was synthesized according to the modified Hummer's method as described earlier [1]. Briefly, GO was synthesized using graphite powder and KMnO4 in the presence of H3PO4 and H2SO4 (20:180) mixture.…”

Simultaneous electroanalysis of norepinephrine, ascorbic acid and uric acid using poly(glutamic acid) modified carbon paste electrode

“…Hence, monitoring the concentration of these biological compounds is very important in clinical diagnosis. There are so many endless reports for the voltammetric determination of these molecules either individually or in presence of probable interferences [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. These biomolecules usually coexist in biological fluids and also the direct electrochemical oxidation of NE and AA at bare electrode gives poor and overlapped voltammetric response with sluggish electron transfer kinetics making their individual identification very difficult and also requires high over potential due to fouling of the electrode surface due to the adsorption of oxidized products.…”

Graphene modified glassy carbon sensor for the determination of aspirin metabolites in human biological samples

“…Prior to modification, the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was first polished using alumina powder (grade I) and zinc oxide on micro cloth pad to a mirror like finish surface and then it was rinsed with distilled water. The suspension of GR was prepared by dispersing 0.7 mg mL -1 of GR in a mixture of double distilled water and DMF (1: 9) [37,38]. The amount of GR casted on the electrode surface was optimized by casting its different amount in the range 2-20 µL and then electrochemical response of 2,3-and 2,5-DHB (50 µM) was recorded.…”

“…GR was synthesized from the graphite utilizing the improved Hummers method and reduced using hydrazine [35][36][37]. The characterization of GR was carried out by using powder XRD and Raman spectroscopic measurements.…”