Graphene on an optical waveguide: comparison of simulation approaches

Čtyroký, Jiřı́; Petráček, Jiří; Kwiecien, Pavel; Richter, Ivan; Kuzmiak, Vladimír

doi:10.1007/s11082-020-02265-0

Cited by 11 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…To demonstrate the coupling, we calculated the (complex) mode effective index Neff for various modes with respect to the change of the chemical potential µC as follows: (i) Using COMSOL, we first rigorously simulated the bare Si waveguide (with no graphene) and calculated its fundamental quasi-TE mode. Then we considered a graphene layer as a perturbation of the bare waveguide and employed a perturbation technique [9] to determine Neff for the composed structure. The result is labeled as 'Si' (red line) in Figs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We approximately describe the plasmon modes as the superposition two graphene plasmons reflected at the edges of the graphene stripe. Based on our recent comparison of various approaches to numerical modelling of light propagation in a silicon waveguide with graphene overlay [9], we employ a simplified coupled mode theory (CMT) [8] and calculate the complex propagation constant of the quasi-TE mode propagating in the waveguide modulator. We compare the result with a full-wave numerical simulation using the commercial software packet COMSOL Multiphysics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coupling of waveguide mode and graphene plasmons

et al. 2021

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Photonic waveguides with graphene layers have been recently studied for their potential as fast and low-power electro-optic modulators with small footprints. We show that in the optical wavelength range of 1.55 μm, surface plasmons supported by the graphene layer with the chemical potential exceeding ~0.5 eV can couple with the waveguide mode and affect its propagation. This effect might be possibly utilized in technical applications as a very low-power amplitude modulation, temperature sensing, etc.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling of waveguide mode and graphene plasmons

et al. 2021

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“…Thanks to (3-b) and (4-b), Equation ( 17) is satisfied over the entire period. Therefore, on substituting b n and c n from (15) and introducing new coefficients (n = 0,±1,…),…”

Section: Dual Series Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic characterization of tuneable graphene‐strips‐on‐substrate metasurface over entire THz range: Analytical regularization and natural‐mode resonance interplay

Yevtushenko¹,

Dukhopelnykov

Zinenko³

et al. 2021

IET Microwaves Antenna & Prop

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Scattering and absorption of the H-polarized plane wave by the infinite grating of flat graphene strips are considered in the environment met most frequently-on or at the surface of a dielectric-slab substrate. The full-wave meshless code is based on the analytical semi-inversion using the Riemann-Hilbert problem solution. This leads to a Fredholm second-kind matrix equation for the Floquet harmonic amplitudes that guarantees code convergence and provides easy control of computational error, which can be reduced to machine precision. The matrix elements are combinations of elementary functions, and therefore, the code is accurate and quite economical. This enables computation of the reflectance, transmittance, and absorbance as a function of the frequency in the wide band from static case to 10 THz. Numerical results show that such a metasurface with micrometre-sized strips is a composite periodic open resonator. It is highly frequency-selective thanks to the interplay of three types of natural modes-low-Q slab, moderate-Q plasmon strip, and ultrahigh-Q lattice-that do not exist in the absence of the substrate. Varying the chemical potential of graphene, one can manipulate the electromagnetic characteristics of the metasurface at a fixed frequency from almost total transmission to almost total reflection.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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“…Therefore, a preceding computer modelling, if it is trusted, fast and accurate, is important as a tool of design that enables avoiding costly and time-consuming prototyping. Here, one can see a sort of permanent competition between the general-purpose commercial codes, which have relatively low accuracy and may suffer from the convergence troubles (see [12,13] for some reviews), and mathematically sophisticated advanced in-house algorithms [14]. The latter are superior in performance because of the guaranteed convergence and controlled accuracy to machine precision, however, are normally oriented to handle a narrower class of electromagnetic geometries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz-range plasmon and whispering gallery mode resonances in the plane wave scattering from thin microsize dielectric disk with graphene covers

Lucido

Balaban²,

Nosich³

2022

Proc. R. Soc. A.

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We analyse the scattering and absorption of a terahertz-range plane wave by a thin circular dielectric disk with two graphene covers. Assuming that the thickness of the whole composite disk is much smaller than the free-space wavelength, we reduce the complexity of the problem with the aid of the generalized boundary conditions. This yields a set of singular integral equations for the effective electric and magnetic currents, induced on an equivalent zero-thickness disk. The adopted advanced numerical solution technique is a version of the method of analytical preconditioning, which uses weighted polynomials as expansion functions in the discretization of the integral equations. Then, the resulting matrix equation has Fredholm second-kind property that enables us to control the computational error by the matrix size and reduce it to the desired level. This accurate analysis reveals resonances on several types of natural modes, best understood via visualization of in-resonance near-fields. They are the plasmon-mode resonances of the graphene disk, perturbed by the presence of the dielectric filler, and the dielectric disk modes, perturbed by the graphene covers. Additionally, quasi-full disk transparency is observed if the transverse resonance condition is fulfilled. Special attention is paid to the tunability of the found effects with the aid of graphene's chemical potential.

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Graphene on an optical waveguide: comparison of simulation approaches

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Coupling of waveguide mode and graphene plasmons

Coupling of waveguide mode and graphene plasmons

Electromagnetic characterization of tuneable graphene‐strips‐on‐substrate metasurface over entire THz range: Analytical regularization and natural‐mode resonance interplay

Terahertz-range plasmon and whispering gallery mode resonances in the plane wave scattering from thin microsize dielectric disk with graphene covers

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