Graphene oxide functionalized with methylene blue and its performance in singlet oxygen generation

Wojtoniszak, Malgorzata; Rogińska, Dorota; Machalinski, Bogdan; Droździk, Marek; Mijowska, Ewa

doi:10.1016/j.materresbull.2013.03.040

Cited by 58 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…As 1 O 2 is the main executive part with short half‐life in ROS, we further determined the generation of 1 O 2 by using 9,10‐anthracenediyl‐bis(methylene) dimalonic acid (ABMDMA) as the indicator, owing to that the absorbance of ABMDMA in visible range can be decayed by 1 O 2 . We found that the UV–vis spectra of samples were gradually quenched with prolonging irradiation time, as shown in Figure S5 (Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy Dependence of Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Upconversion Nanoparticles: Subcellular Positioning and Irradiation Productivity

Chen

Tao

et al. 2017

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Singlet oxygen ( O ), as an important kind of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and main therapeutic agent in photodynamic therapy (PDT), only have a half-life of 40 ns and an effective radius of 20 nm, which cause significant obstacles for improving PDT efficacy. In this work, novel upconversion nanoparticle (UCN)-based nanoplatforms are developed with a minimized distance between UCNs and a photosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), and a controllable payload of PpIX, to enhance and control ROS production. The ability of the nanoplatform to target different subcellular organelles such as cell membrane and mitochondria is demonstrated via surface modification of the nanoplatform with different targeting ligands. The results show that the mitochondria-targeting nanoplatforms result in significantly increased capability of both tumor cell killing and inhibition of tumor growth. Subcellular targeting of nanoparticles leads to the death of cancer cells in different manners. However, the efficiency of ROS generation almost have no influence on the tumor cell viability during the period of evaluation. These findings suggest that specific subcellular targeting of the nanoplatforms enhances the PDT efficacy more effectively than the increase of ROS production, and may shed light on future novel designs of effective and controllable PDT nanoplatforms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy Dependence of Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Upconversion Nanoparticles: Subcellular Positioning and Irradiation Productivity

Chen

Tao

et al. 2017

Small

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“…37,77 On the other hand emission at specific wavelengths, for example, 440 nm, 15 505 nm 31 and the blue-UV region, 15,36,39 was observed. The emission wavelengths of GO depend on the functional groups, 45 pH 69,[78][79][80][81][82] and its combination with other materials such as PANI-nanorods, 83 MB, 84 tetra-amino porphyrin, 85 PEG 25,26 etc.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Fluorescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence from graphene oxide and the influence of ionic, π–π interactions and heterointerfaces: electron or energy transfer dynamics

Vempati

Uyar

2014

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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2D crystals such as graphene and its oxide counterpart have sought good research attention for their application as well as fundamental interest. Especially graphene oxide (GO) is quite interesting because of its versatility and diverse application potential. However the mechanism of fluorescence from GO is under severe discussion. To explain the emission in general two interpretations were suggested, viz localization of sp(2) clusters and involvement of oxygeneous functional groups. Despite this disagreement, it should be acknowledged that the heterogeneous atomic structure, synthesis dependent and uncontrollable implantation of oxygen functional groups on the basal plane make such explanations more difficult. Nevertheless, a suitable explanation enhances the applicability of the material which also enables the design of novel materials. At this juncture we believe that given the complexity in understanding the emission mechanism it would be very useful to review the literature. In this perspective we juxtapose various results related to fluorescence and influencing factors so that a conclusive interpretation may be unveiled. Apparently, the existing interpretations have largely ignored the factors such as self-rolling, byproduct formation etc. Vis-a-vis previous reviews did not discuss the interfacial charge transfer across heterostructures and the implication on the optical properties of GO or reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Such analysis would be very insightful to determine the energetic location of sub band gap states. Moreover, ionic and π-π type interactions are also considered for their influence on emission properties. Apart from these, quantum dots, covalent modifications and nonlinear optical properties of GO and rGO were discussed for completeness. Finally we made concluding remarks with outlook.

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“…23,24 Nanocomplexes formed via electrostatic interaction showed unique pHresponsive properties. The PS release rate was accelerated under acidic conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-based nanovehicles for photodynamic medical therapy

Li¹,

Dong²,

Li³

et al. 2015

IJN

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Graphene and its derivatives such as graphene oxide (GO) have been widely explored as promising drug delivery vehicles for improved cancer treatment. In this review, we focus on their applications in photodynamic therapy. The large specific surface area of GO facilitates efficient loading of the photosensitizers and biological molecules via various surface functional groups. By incorporation of targeting ligands or activatable agents responsive to specific biological stimulations, smart nanovehicles are established, enabling tumor-triggering release or tumor-selective accumulation of photosensitizer for effective therapy with minimum side effects. Graphene-based nanosystems have been shown to improve the stability, bioavailability, and photodynamic efficiency of organic photosensitizer molecules. They have also been shown to behave as electron sinks for enhanced visible-light photodynamic activities. Owing to its intrinsic near infrared absorption properties, GO can be designed to combine both photodynamic and photothermal hyperthermia for optimum therapeutic efficiency. Critical issues and future aspects of photodynamic therapy research are addressed in this review.

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Graphene oxide functionalized with methylene blue and its performance in singlet oxygen generation

Cited by 58 publications

References 27 publications

Efficacy Dependence of Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Upconversion Nanoparticles: Subcellular Positioning and Irradiation Productivity

Efficacy Dependence of Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Upconversion Nanoparticles: Subcellular Positioning and Irradiation Productivity

Fluorescence from graphene oxide and the influence of ionic, π–π interactions and heterointerfaces: electron or energy transfer dynamics

Graphene-based nanovehicles for photodynamic medical therapy

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