quent reduction, 88,89 while graphene quantum dots were synthesized from C 60 molecules via the ruthenium-catalyzed cage-opening. 90 Reversely, the transformation of flat graphene sheets into fullerene cages was observed under high energy electron beam exposure; 91 meanwhile, rolling up graphene sheets into CNTs was achievable by means of ultrasonication, 92,93 electron beam irradiation, 94 or thermally induced self-intertwining. 95 By the way, graphene nanoscrolls with an open tubular structure, which are distinct from CNTs with sealed edges, have received growing concerns. Their characteristic open topology allows foreign molecules ready access into the massive interlayer galleries. 96,97 2.2. Principles of Nanocarbon Assembly Figure 2. (a) Polarized optical microscopic texture indicating the ordered mesomorphic domains of C 60 derivatives. (b) Illustration for the lamellar mesophase. Reprinted with permission from ref 128.