“…Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) or 0D graphene materials, which are atomically thin and nanometer-wide planar carbon structures, are promising for a spectrum of novel applications [e.g., sensing ( Bian et al, 2017 ; Shen et al, 2017 ; Haque et al, 2018 ), imaging ( Chen et al, 2018 ; Yan et al, 2019 ), display ( Zhao et al, 2020 ), anticounterfeiting ( Li et al, 2018 ), catalysis ( Li et al, 2015 ; Tian et al, 2018 ; Yan et al, 2018 ; Yan et al, 2020 ), and energy storage and conversion ( Xi et al, 2019 )] owing to their molecular size, quantum-confinement-induced bandgap opening, fluorescence, good dispersibility, highly tunable chemicophyscial properties, high chemical and photostability, and good biocompatibility ( Wang et al, 2014 ; Lin et al, 2015 ). Studies also show that GQDs with functional groups and heteroatom dopants can exhibit nanozyme properties ( Ju et al, 2016 ).…”