Graphitic cones and the nucleation of curved carbon surfaces

Krishnan, A.; Dujardin, Erik; Treacy, M.M.J.; Hugdahl, J.; Lynum, S.; Ebbesen, Thomas W.

doi:10.1038/41284

Cited by 653 publications

(435 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For a flat graphite sheet it is known that if the hexagon is locally replaced by a single pentagon a 60°disclination is introduced. 23 In the same manner an ordered structure of pentagons surrounded by hexagons result in the well-known curved structures present in fullerenes. This illustrates the fact that based on a flat layered structure, the presence of a vacancy can give rise to a rotational distortions.…”

Section: B Transrotational Crystalsmentioning

confidence: 86%

On the crystallization of thin films composed of Sb3.6Te with Ge for rewritable data storage

Kooi

Hosson

2004

Journal of Applied Physics

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This article addresses the crystallization of amorphous Sb 3.6 Te films ͑40 nm thick͒ and 5 at. % Ge containing Sb 3.6 Te films ͑10, 20, and 40 nm thick͒ as studied with transmission electron microcopy using in situ annealing. These materials exhibit growth-dominated crystallization, in contrast to the usual Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 that shows nucleation-dominated crystallization. Particularly the crystal-growth velocity in these systems has been measured as a function of temperature from which the activation energy for growth can be derived. The strong effect of the 5 at. % Ge addition on the total crystallization behavior is revealed by the following four phenomena: Ge increases the crystallization temperature ͑from 95 to 150°C͒, increases the activation energy for growth ͑from 1.58 to 2.37 eV͒, increases the nucleation rate and decreases the growth anisotropy. The crystallites have a special transrotational structure and a mechanism responsible for the development of this special structure is delineated.

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Section: B Transrotational Crystalsmentioning

confidence: 86%

On the crystallization of thin films composed of Sb3.6Te with Ge for rewritable data storage

Kooi

Hosson

2004

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…Certainly, polygonal defects with N d > 1 and N d < −1 are mathematical abstractions, as are cones with a pointlike apex. In reality, the defects are smoothed, and N d > 0 counts the number of the pentagonal defects which are tightly clustered producing a conical shape; such nanocones were observed experimentally [24]. Theory predicts also an infinite series of the saddle-like nanocones with −N d counting the number of the heptagonal defects clustered in their central regions.…”

Section: Topological Defectsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Electronic properties of graphene with a topological defect

Sitenko

Власій

2007

Nuclear Physics B

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Various types of topological defects in graphene are considered in the framework of the continuum model for long-wavelength electronic excitations, which is based on the Dirac-Weyl equation. The condition for the electronic wave function is specified, and we show that a topological defect can be presented as a pseudomagnetic vortex at the apex of a graphitic nanocone; the flux of the vortex is related to the deficit angle of the cone. The cases of all possible types of pentagonal defects, as well as several types of heptagonal defects (with the numbers of heptagons up to three, and six), are analyzed. The density of states and the ground state charge are determined.

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“…Carbon nanocones were first synthesized by vapor condensation of carbon atoms on a graphite substrate in 1994 [33] and the allotropic forms were identified in 1997 [34]. The discrimination of each structure corresponds to the presence of a given number of pentagons in the seed from which it grew, including disks (no pentagons), five types of cones (1-5 pentagons, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Carbon Nanohorns Nanocones Nanodisks and Nanofibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in solid-phase sorbents for sample preparation prior to chromatographic analysis

Wen

Chen

et al. 2014

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

342

123

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A B S T R A C TSample preparation is a crucial bottleneck in the whole analytical process. Solid-phase sorbents (SPSs) have aroused increasing interest in research on sample preparation, as they have key roles in obtaining high clean-up and enrichment efficiency in the analysis of trace targets present in complex matrices. The objective of this review is to provide a broad overview of the recent advances and applications of SPSs in sample preparation prior to chromatographic analysis, during the period 2008-13. We include SPSs, such as molecularly-imprinted polymers, carbon nanomaterials, metallic nanoparticles and metal organic frameworks, focusing on solid-phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction, matrix solid-phase dispersion and stir-bar sorptive extraction of typical pollutants in environmental, biological, food and pharmaceutical samples. We propose remaining challenges and future perspectives to improve development of new SPSs and to apply them further.

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Graphitic cones and the nucleation of curved carbon surfaces

Cited by 653 publications

References 19 publications

On the crystallization of thin films composed of Sb3.6Te with Ge for rewritable data storage

On the crystallization of thin films composed of Sb3.6Te with Ge for rewritable data storage

Electronic properties of graphene with a topological defect

Recent advances in solid-phase sorbents for sample preparation prior to chromatographic analysis

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