Graphitic crystallite nanomaterials enable the simple and ultrafast synthesis of resorcinol-formaldehyde carbon aerogel monoliths

Gao, Han; Zuo, Songlin; Wang, Shanshan; Xu, Fei; Yang, Mengmei; Hu, Xin

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2022.03.070

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In terms of compressive strength, our HPCMLs were not the highest performer among porous carbon materials that showed catastrophic breakdown and defined compressive strength. [32][33][34][35][36] (Figure S9a, Supporting Information). It is understandable that the macropores formed inside the beams could initiate cracking and were detrimental to mechanical properties (Figure 4f).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereolithography 3D Printed Carbon Microlattices with Hierarchical Porosity for Structural and Functional Applications

Kudo,

Kanamaru,

Han

et al. 2023

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Hierarchically porous carbon microlattices (HPCMLs) fabricated by using a composite photoresin and stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing is reported. Containing magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) as porogens and multilayer graphene nanosheets as UV‐scattering inhibitors, the composite photoresin is formed to simple cubic microlattices with digitally designed porosity of 50%. After carbonization in vacuum at 1000 °C and chemical removal of MgO NPs, it is realized that carbon microlattices possessing hierarchical porosity are composed of the lattice architecture (≈100 µm), macropores (≈5 µm), mesopores (≈50 nm), and micropores (≈1 nm). The linear shrinkage after pyrolysis is as small as 33%. Compressive strength of 7.45 to 10.45 MPa and Young's modulus of 375 to 736 MPa are achieved, proving HPCMLs a robust mechanical component among reported carbon materials with a random pore structure. Having a few millimeters in thickness, the HPCMLs can serve as thick supercapacitor electrodes that demonstrate gravimetric capacitances 105 and 13.8 F g−1 in aqueous and organic electrolyte, reaching footprint areal capacitances beyond 10 and 1 F cm−2, respectively. The results present that the composite photoresin for SLA can yield carbon microarchitectures that integrate structural and functional properties for structural energy storages .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereolithography 3D Printed Carbon Microlattices with Hierarchical Porosity for Structural and Functional Applications

Kudo,

Kanamaru,

Han

et al. 2023

Small

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“…11 Gao et al prepared RF-based CXs with graphitic crystallite nanomaterials as a catalyst, and the resulting CXs show high compressive strength and electrical conductivity. 12 Pandey et al prepared CXs on a large scale using resorcinol and formaldehyde with high microporous density as well as good hydrogen storage capacity. 13 However, for RF-based CXs, the lengthy preparation period is an urgent problem to be solved.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jia et al prepared CXs with a hierarchical pore structure using linear phenolic resin and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA), and the internal structure could be adjusted by adjusting the agent content . Gao et al prepared RF-based CXs with graphitic crystallite nanomaterials as a catalyst, and the resulting CXs show high compressive strength and electrical conductivity . Pandey et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Template-Catalyzed In Situ Polymerization for Carbon Xerogels with Large Specific Surface Area and High Adsorption

Wu,

Li,

et al. 2024

Langmuir

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The limited specific surface area (SSA), long preparation period, and high cost are significant challenges for carbon xerogels (CXs). To overcome these limitations, we propose an approach to prepare tannin-resorcinol-formaldehyde-based CXs through template-catalyzed in situ polymerization. ZnCl 2 acts as a catalyst and significantly accelerates the polymerization reaction through the coordination of Zn 2+ to the carbonyl group in formaldehyde, while atmospheric drying instead of special drying and without solvent exchange reduces the preparation period to 24 h. In addition, ZnCl 2 acts as an activator for the formation of many pores. Plant-derived tannins not only reduce the preparation cost but also regulate the pore structure. The resulted CXs with hierarchical porous structures show an optimal SSA of 1308 m 2 /g, high adsorption capabilities (for cationic, nitrosoaniline dyes, metal, and nonmetallic ions, especially for methylene blue with 454.93 mg/g), low shrinkage down to 10%, and reusability with 92.9% retention after 5 cycles. This work provides a promising and costeffective method for the large-scale preparation of porous carbon materials with large SSA, offering potential applications in adsorption, energy storage, and catalysis.

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“…[13][14][15] Resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) resin is commonly used in carbon coating precursor because of its low price, sufficient carbon production and easy activation into pore forming. [16][17][18] It is widely used to coat silicon-based materials, [19,20] metal oxides, [21] and metal nanoparticles [22] and is carbonized into porous carbon shells during the calcination process under inert gas. The thickness of carbon shell can be readily regulated by changing the amount of resorcinol and formaldehyde.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Uniform Hollow Carbon Nanoarchitectures: Different Capacitive Deionization between the Hollow Shell Thickness and Cavity Size

et al. 2023

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Carbon‐based materials with high capacitance ability and fast electrosorption rate are ideal electrode materials in capacitive deionization (CDI). However, traditional carbon materials have structural limitations in electrochemical and desalination performance due to the low capacitance and poor transmission channel of the prepared electrodes. Therefore, reasonable design of electrode material structure is of great importance for achieving excellent CDI properties. Here, uniform hollow carbon materials with different morphologies (hollow carbon nanospheres, hollow carbon nanorods, hollow carbon nano‐pseudoboxes, hollow carbon nano‐ellipsoids, hollow carbon nano‐capsules, and hollow carbon nano‐peanuts) are reasonably designed through multi‐step template method and calcination of polymer precursors. Hollow carbon nanospheres and hollow carbon nano‐pseudoboxes exhibit better capacitance and higher salt adsorption capacity (SAC) due to their stable carbonaceous structure during calcination. Moreover, the effects of the thickness of the shell and the size of the cavity on the CDI performance are also studied. HCNSs‐0.8 with thicker shell (≈20 nm) and larger cavity (≈320 nm) shows the best SAC value of 23.01 mg g−1 due to its large specific surface area (1083.20 m2 g−1) and rich pore size distribution. These uniform hollow carbon nanoarchitectures with functional properties have potential applications in electrochemistry related fields.

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Graphitic crystallite nanomaterials enable the simple and ultrafast synthesis of resorcinol-formaldehyde carbon aerogel monoliths

Cited by 11 publications

References 45 publications

Stereolithography 3D Printed Carbon Microlattices with Hierarchical Porosity for Structural and Functional Applications

Stereolithography 3D Printed Carbon Microlattices with Hierarchical Porosity for Structural and Functional Applications

Efficient Template-Catalyzed In Situ Polymerization for Carbon Xerogels with Large Specific Surface Area and High Adsorption

Design of Uniform Hollow Carbon Nanoarchitectures: Different Capacitive Deionization between the Hollow Shell Thickness and Cavity Size

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