Grass Plants Bind, Retain, Uptake, and Transport Infectious Prions

Pritzkow, Sandra; Morales, Rodrigo; Moda, Fabio; Khan, Uffaf; Telling, Glenn C.; Hoover, Edward A.; Soto, Claudio

doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2015.04.036

Cited by 115 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…to assess the potential for infectivity in body fluids and other excreta (19,74,78,79), and to detect low levels of misfolded protein in soil (80), water (81), and plant samples (82). Notably, the CWD seeds generated in vitro by sPMCA have proven infectious to some degree in susceptible hosts (83), indicating that the technique may accurately model what occurs in vivo; therein lays its advantage among amplification strategies.…”

Section: Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Wasting Disease: Evolution of Diagnostic Testing for a Naturally Occurring Prion Disease

Nj¹,

Ja²

2017

Preprint

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Since chronic wasting disease (CWD) was first identified nearly 50 years ago in a captive mule deer herd in the Rocky Mountains of the United States, it has slowly spread across North America through the natural and anthropogenic movement of cervids and their carcasses. As the endemic areas have expanded, so has the need for rapid, sensitive, and cost effective diagnostic tests -especially those which take advantage of samples collected antemortem. Over the past two decades, strategies have evolved from the recognition of microscopic spongiform pathology and associated immunohistochemical staining of the misfolded prion protein to enzyme-linked immunoassays capable of detecting the abnormal prion conformer in postmortem samples. In a history that parallels the diagnosis of more conventional infectious agents, both qualitative and real-time amplification assays have recently been developed to detect minute quantities of misfolded prions in a range of biological and environmental samples. With these more sensitive and semi-quantitative approaches has come a greater understanding of the pathogenesis and epidemiology of this disease in the native host. Because the molecular pathogenesis of prion Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted:

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Section: Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Wasting Disease: Evolution of Diagnostic Testing for a Naturally Occurring Prion Disease

Nj¹,

Ja²

2017

Preprint

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“…This article is available in: http://headache.imedpub.com/ even translocation of prions within plants, there may be a positive pressure to maintain this disease in a geographic area [12].…”

Section: Journal Of Headache and Pain Management Issn 2472-1913mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prions are highly resistant to degradation and have been shown to exist in soil for years [1]. Recent studies have reported these agents can bind and be taken up by plants [12]. Further, infectivity can be spread when animals consume contaminated plant material.…”

Section: Journal Of Headache and Pain Management Issn 2472-1913mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, infectivity can be spread when animals consume contaminated plant material. It appears that in endemic areas urine and feces from infected wildlife contain a high enough concentration of PrP to result in plant and soil contamination [1,12]. Since soil may serve as a natural reservoir for prions, and plants may translocate these agents, various abiotic and biotic "sources" may be acting as a long-term component preventing elimination of the disease [2, 12,15].…”

Section: Journal Of Headache and Pain Management Issn 2472-1913mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic Wasting Disease: Neuro-infectivity as a Result of Oral-fecal Transmission by a Prion

Lange¹,

Condello²

2016

J Headache Pain Manag

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“…Environmental contamination with CWD infectivity in excreta or decomposing carcasses contributes to horizontal transmission of CWD in mule deer (10). Prion infectivity has been shown to persist on the surface of contaminated plant leaves and roots (36) and in soil (37)(38)(39). Therefore, feral pigs could be exposed to infectivity through scavenging of CWD-affected carcasses, by consumption of contaminated vegetation, and while rooting around in the soil during foraging.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Transmission of the Chronic Wasting Disease Agent to Swine after Oral or Intracranial Inoculation

Moore

Greenlee

Kondru

et al. 2017

J Virol

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Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a naturally occurring, fatal neurodegenerative disease of cervids. The potential for swine to serve as hosts for the agent of CWD is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of swine to the CWD agent following experimental oral or intracranial inoculation. Crossbred piglets were assigned to three groups, intracranially inoculated (n ϭ 20), orally inoculated (n ϭ 19), and noninoculated (n ϭ 9). At approximately the age at which commercial pigs reach market weight, half of the pigs in each group were culled ("market weight" groups). The remaining pigs ("aged" groups) were allowed to incubate for up to 73 months postinoculation (mpi). Tissues collected at necropsy were examined for disease-associated prion protein (PrP Sc ) by Western blotting (WB), antigen capture enzyme immunoassay (EIA), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and in vitro real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC). Brain samples from selected pigs were also bioassayed in mice expressing porcine prion protein. Four intracranially inoculated aged pigs and one orally inoculated aged pig were positive by EIA, IHC, and/or WB. By RT-QuIC, PrP Sc was detected in lymphoid and/or brain tissue from one or more pigs in each inoculated group. The bioassay was positive in four out of five pigs assayed. This study demonstrates that pigs can support low-level amplification of CWD prions, although the species barrier to CWD infection is relatively high. However, detection of infectivity in orally inoculated pigs with a mouse bioassay raises the possibility that naturally exposed pigs could act as a reservoir of CWD infectivity. IMPORTANCEWe challenged domestic swine with the chronic wasting disease agent by inoculation directly into the brain (intracranially) or by oral gavage (orally). Disease-associated prion protein (PrP Sc ) was detected in brain and lymphoid tissues from intracranially and orally inoculated pigs as early as 8 months of age (6 months postinoculation). Only one pig developed clinical neurologic signs suggestive of prion disease. The amount of PrP Sc in the brains and lymphoid tissues of positive pigs was small, especially in orally inoculated pigs. Regardless, positive results obtained with orally inoculated pigs suggest that it may be possible for swine to serve as a reservoir for prion disease under natural conditions.

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Grass Plants Bind, Retain, Uptake, and Transport Infectious Prions

Cited by 115 publications

References 34 publications

Chronic Wasting Disease: Evolution of Diagnostic Testing for a Naturally Occurring Prion Disease

Chronic Wasting Disease: Evolution of Diagnostic Testing for a Naturally Occurring Prion Disease

Chronic Wasting Disease: Neuro-infectivity as a Result of Oral-fecal Transmission by a Prion

Experimental Transmission of the Chronic Wasting Disease Agent to Swine after Oral or Intracranial Inoculation

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