Gravity and Neuronal Adaptation

Ritzmann, Ramona; Krause, Anne; Freyler, Kathrin; Gollhofer, Albert

doi:10.1007/s12217-016-9519-4

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In reduced gravity conditions, similar to Moon (0.16 g) and Mars (0.36 g), generated in parabolic flights, higher stimulation currents for PNS were needed to depolarize the neurons. In hypergravity (1.8 g), the needed currents were smaller [4]. Although the respective partial-gravity level lasts only 24-33 s [10] and effects are reversible within seconds, it can be concluded that the stimulation threshold is acutely increased in reduced gravity and decreased in hypergravity.…”

Section: Stimulation Threshold Of the H-reflexmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…In addition to the abovementioned molecular and cellular experiments, a variety of studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of gravity on the nervous system in humans [4,10,[30][31][32][33][34]. In the context of movement control, it becomes apparent that the biophysical attributes underlying cell communication and the nervous capacity to inhibit and facilitate neural pathways are of fundamental importance to activate and control the skeletal muscle, allowing the living organisms to displace themselves.…”

Section: The Gravity Dependence Of the Human Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A frequently used technique is the peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) as it is a noninvasive and reliable approach, providing information about nerve communication including temporal and spatial characteristics of direct motor (M-wave) and reflector responses (Hoffmann(H)-reflex) of the skeletal muscle [35,36]. By external electrical stimulation, neurons, axons, or cell bodies are depolarized, and the bipolar potential difference of the muscle is measured and interpreted [4]. The nerve tibialis posterior and the muscle soleus have been established as a model for describing the adaptation processes of the neuromuscular system with emphasize on the temporal and spatial characteristics of the electromyographic signal.…”

Section: The Gravity Dependence Of the Human Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shaping of the potential difference includes peak-to-peak amplitudes normalized to the input stimulus and is associated with the magnitude of the muscle output [37]. Furthermore, the stimulation threshold corresponds to the threshold for axonal excitation with a minimal current evoking a muscle contraction [4].…”

Section: Spatial Attributesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the fundamental circuits within the central nervous system (CNS) to control muscle contraction is the monosynaptic reflex arch [4]. These reflexes are neuromuscular reactions in response to an external stimulus, which lead to fast muscle contractions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Gravity on the Nervous System

Kohn¹,

Koch²,

Ritzmann³

2018

Into Space - A Journey of How Humans Adapt and Live in Microgravity

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Gravity affects the nervous system of living organisms. This book chapter reviews historical and recent findings on how changes in gravity affect cellular and subcellular parameters of human and animal cells as well as the timing and shaping of complex sensorimotor responses. With an emphasize on weightlessness, partial, and hypergravity conditions, the gravity dependencies of living organisms have been manifested on different levels of organization, ranging from changes in biophysical properties of single cells to the intact nervous system. An effort has been made to integrate the various findings into a consistent model for a better understanding of how the components of the nervous system interact as a response to acute and long-term gravitational variation. Especially with planned long-term manned missions to Mars and beyond, knowledge about the impact of increased and decreased gravity on the nervous system is essential for the physical and cognitive preparation to assure the success of space missions and human survival in space.

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Section: Stimulation Threshold Of the H-reflexmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: The Gravity Dependence Of the Human Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Gravity Dependence Of the Human Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spatial Attributesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Effect of Gravity on the Nervous System

Kohn¹,

Koch²,

Ritzmann³

2018

Into Space - A Journey of How Humans Adapt and Live in Microgravity

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View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Gravity and neuronal adaptation, in vitro and in vivo—from neuronal cells up to neuromuscular responses: a first model

Kohn

Ritzmann

2017

Eur Biophys J

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For decades it has been shown that acute changes in gravity have an effect on neuronal systems of human and animals on different levels, from the molecular level to the whole nervous system. The functional properties and gravity-dependent adaptations of these system levels have been investigated with no or barely any interconnection. This review summarizes the gravity-dependent adaptation processes in human and animal organisms from the in vitro cellular level with its biophysical properties to the in vivo motor responses and underlying sensorimotor functions of human subjects. Subsequently, a first model for short-term adaptation of neuronal transmission is presented and discussed for the first time, which integrates the responses of the different levels of organization to changes in gravity.

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Effect of Local Vibration and Passive Exercise on the Hormones and Neurotransmitters of Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis in Hindlimb Unloading Rats

Luan

Huang

et al. 2018

Microgravity Sci. Technol.

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Gravity and Neuronal Adaptation

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

The Effect of Gravity on the Nervous System

The Effect of Gravity on the Nervous System

Gravity and neuronal adaptation, in vitro and in vivo—from neuronal cells up to neuromuscular responses: a first model

Effect of Local Vibration and Passive Exercise on the Hormones and Neurotransmitters of Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis in Hindlimb Unloading Rats

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