“…Both tendencies are simultaneously present in economic systems; however, in some periods one of these tendencies prevails, whereas in the other periods the other tendency does (see, e.g. , Grinin, 2006Grinin, , 2007aGrinin, , 2007bGrinin 2012a;Grinin L.E., Grinin A. L. 2016;Гpинин, 2003, 2006б, 2009д, 2010a, 2012б, 2013aKorotayev, 2005Korotayev, , 2006Korotayev, , 2007a, 2006bPerez, 2002Perez, , 2011aПepec, 2011 ;Гpинин и Кopoтaeв, 2010 ). Innovation (qualitative) processes are connected with periods of emergence and approbation of new technologies of various types (production technologies, fi nancial technologies, and social technologies-including technologies of counter-crisis management).…”