Green building practices to integrate renewable energy in the construction sector: a review

Abstract

The building sector is significantly contributing to climate change, pollution, and energy crises, thus requiring a rapid shift to more sustainable construction practices. Here, we review the emerging practices of integrating renewable energies in the construction sector, with a focus on energy types, policies, innovations, and perspectives. The energy sources include solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass fuels. Case studies in Seattle, USA, and Manama, Bahrain, are presented. Perspectives comprise self-sufficiency, microgrids, carbon neutrality, intelligent buildings, cost reduction, energy storage, policy support, and market recognition. Incorporating wind energy into buildings can fulfill about 15% of a building's energy requirements, while solar energy integration can elevate the renewable contribution to 83%. Financial incentives, such as a 30% subsidy for the adoption of renewable technologies, augment the appeal of these innovations.

Scientometric Analysis and Visualization of Carbon Emission Studies in the Construction Industry

“…Studies have shown that the construction industry is one of the most carbon-emitting industries [9,10]. Compared to 2020, building energy demand increased by 4% in 2021, with the highest level of carbon emissions from building operations (i.e., approximately 10 billion tons of carbon dioxide) [11].…”