Green chemistry: Developments and perspectives for sample treatment in forensic methodologies

Abstract

In recent years, the environmental implications of advancements in various scientific fields, including analytical chemistry, have become a subject of increasing concern. As a result, the concept of “Green Analytical Chemistry” has been developed, comprising a set of practices designed to reduce the use of toxic chemicals. In the field of analytical, minimizing chemical usage presents a significant challenge, as several sample preparation methods inherently require the utilization of large quantities of solvents. However, this challenge can be addressed through the implementation of both single and combined strategies. One of these strategies is the miniaturization of methods applying the principles of classic liquid–liquid and solid phase extractions in a smaller scale of reagents and samples. In addition, the conventional reagents used in sample preparation can be replaced with green solvents and sorbents. The utilization of miniaturized techniques in forensic toxicology has been widely adopted. Despite this, there remain numerous unexplored applications due to the vast diversity of analytes and biological matrices available. Therefore, implementing green chemistry practices can provide numerous benefits, including enhanced worker safety, reduced waste, and cost savings.This article is categorized under: Toxicology > Analytical Toxicology > Drug Analysis Toxicology > Post‐Mortem