“…It is vital to understand Indonesian kampong patterns to get a fundamental understanding about kampongs to facilitate sustainable urban form. Many research works on sustainable development from different urban perspectives have been conducted, including topics such as economics and politics (Rodríguez-Alegría, Millhauser, & Stoner, 2013;Yi & Ryu, 2015), as well as sustainable development in metropolises, given the impacts of urbanisation (Firman, 1999(Firman, , 2009Tutuko & Shen, 2016;Sedyowati, Suhartanto, & Sholichin, 2018;Tutuko, Subagijo, & Aini, 2018;Wikantiyoso et al, 2020;Wikantiyoso et al, 2021). This approach uses the calculation of depth on the justified graph, which is usually done to determine the relationship hierarchy within the space syntax method.…”