Green Composites: A Review

Shekar, H.S. Sharath; Ramachandra, M.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.034

Cited by 144 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In the composite material, both the matrix and the fillers come together to act as one material. The filler is the load bearing component of the composites while matrix bind the fillers together, which is the reinforcing material [4,5]. There are different types of composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has been attributed to the introduction of environmentally friendly natural fibers from plant sources. The processing and application of polymer composites requires a good understanding of all the factors that governs the relationship between all components that makes up the composite [4,[13][14][15]. The structure-property's relationship of any polymer composite is of fundamental importance right from their design which includes material selection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fiber-Matrix Relationship for Composites Preparation

Shesan¹,

Stephen²,

Chioma³

et al. 2019

Renewable and Sustainable Composites

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Fiber-matrix interaction at the interphase is one very important property that is of great concern to all polymer scientists involved in polymer composites. Many of the failures can be traced to the type of interfacial interaction existing in the composites. That is why highlighting the factors that dictate the type of and the extent of interactions at the interphases become very necessary. Natural fiber polymer composites have found application in many fields of human endeavors. To continue this growth being experienced, the factors that determine the formation of good interaction at the interphase most be understood, so that they can be manipulated for a better result.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber-Matrix Relationship for Composites Preparation

Shesan¹,

Stephen²,

Chioma³

et al. 2019

Renewable and Sustainable Composites

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show abstract

“…Natural fibers and shells, such as fruit shells, jute, hemp, bananas, coconut fibers, and so on, are lightweight, eco‐friendly, highly flexible, biodegradable, affordable, lightweight, and easy to handle. In addition, they exhibit high strength, good thermal properties, and high toughness . Some of the disadvantages associated with natural fibers are their weak binding with the matrix and wettability owing to their hydrophilic nature .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a chemical treatment and surface modification process has been adopted to overcome these shortcomings . Natural shells mainly consist of cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose, and cellulose, which is the main component, is responsible for their strength and stability . Alkali modification increases the cellulose ratio in the natural fiber structure while lignin, wax, and oils can be removed from the structure .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical modification of apricot kernel shell waste and its effect on phenolic novolac epoxy composites

Kocaman

2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Apricot kernel is one of the most abundant types of agro-waste in the eastern Anatolia regions of Turkey. In this study, apricot kernel shells (AKShs) were chemically modified using levulinic acid (LA) for the first time, and their potential for developing biobased composites was evaluated. Phenol novolac epoxy resin was used as matrix owing to its high thermal and superior adhesion properties. Shell treatments to improve interfacial bonding were carried out using alkali, acetic acid, and LA. These treatments were aimed at improving the mechanical properties, wettability, and bonding of the composites.Moreover, these treatments could prevent the deterioration of the fiber/matrix interface (hydrophilic and hydrophobic effect) and mitigate damage to the fiber during production, which is one of the main reasons for the reduced strength of the composites. The thermal characteristics, crystallinity index, chemical composition, and surface morphology of the untreated and chemically modified AKShs and composites were studied by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. In addition, the composites were analyzed in detail using mechanical tests and contact angle measurements. The chemical treatment using LA resulted in composites with superior mechanical behavior.

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“…Activated lignin leads to increased reactive sites with other polymers [11]. is results in production of natural fibre-reinforced polymer matrix composites [12]. Lignin has other inherent characteristics in that it plasticizes starch [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Prototype Formulated Particleboards from Agroindustrial Lignocellulose Biomass Bonded with Chemically Modified Cassava Peel Starch

Kariuki

Wachira

Kawira

et al. 2019

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Conventional methods of making particleboards utilize wood chips. This has resulted in a decrease in the tree cover due to the increase in wood demand. The effect has been climatic change. Wood is bound using phenol formaldehyde resin. Because of the decrease in the forest cover, alternative lignocellulose materials are required. In this study, lignocellulose materials used include sugarcane bagasse, maize stock, and rice husks. The cassava-starch mix with borax was used as a binder in particleboard formulation. The lignin content was determined, and its effect on properties of boards was investigated. The resultant composite material was molded at a pressure of 6.5 N/mm2 and at 30°C. The resultant particleboards had mean densities ranging from 0.604 to 0.611 g/cm3. The modulus of elasticity ranged from 2364.2 N/mm2 to 3329.93 N/mm2, modulus of rupture ranged from 13.55 N/mm2 to 14.83 N/mm2, and internal bonding ranged from 1.613 N/mm2 to 2.370 N/mm2. The performance of the board was dependent on the lignocellulose material used. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that main chemical bonding in the particleboard resulted from esterification of –COOH from lignocellulose and OH- from starch. The particleboards formulated were found to be of low-density-fibre standard used in a similar manner to the conventional low-density particleboards.

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Green Composites: A Review

Cited by 144 publications

References 4 publications

Fiber-Matrix Relationship for Composites Preparation

Fiber-Matrix Relationship for Composites Preparation

Chemical modification of apricot kernel shell waste and its effect on phenolic novolac epoxy composites

Characterization of Prototype Formulated Particleboards from Agroindustrial Lignocellulose Biomass Bonded with Chemically Modified Cassava Peel Starch

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