“…Although, the engineered NPs could be used in remediation the polluted soil, water and air environments, the excess amounts of these NPs might cause serious hazards for the ecosystem and should be removed by proper remediation tools. This means NPs is double-edged sword ( Srivastav et al, 2018 , Zhang et al, 2019 , Romeh and Saber, 2020 , Gong et al, 2021 , Ganie et al, 2021 ). Common case studies are published about removing many heavy metals using NPs from contaminated media (i.e., water, soil and sediments) such as arsenic ( Alka et al, 2021 , Maity et al, 2021 ), cadmium ( Gong et al, 2021 ), chromium ( Azeez et al, 2021 ), copper ( Yin et al, 2020 ), lead ( Lian et al, 2021 ), mercury ( Kumari et al, 2020 ), and zinc ( Fajardo et al, 2020 ).…”