“…ZnONPs can be synthesized using several methods such as physical, chemical, and biological methods (by microbes or plants). The biological synthesis of NPs is safe, clean, biocompatible, and eco-friendly besides, the fast reduction of metal ions at ambient conditions of temperature unlike physical or chemical methods, they consume extensive energy or use toxic solvents, respectively ( El-Saadony et al, 2020a , Akl et al, 2020 , El-Saadony et al, 2019 , El-Saadony et al, 2021a , El-Saadony et al, 2021b ). From the biological methods used for the synthesis of NPs, fungus-mediated procedure gained great importance ( Thakkar et al, 2010 ).…”