Green one-pot synthesis and processing of polyimide–silica hybrid materials

Leimhofer, Lukas; Baumgartner, Bettina; Puchberger, Michael; Prochaska, Thomas; Konegger, Thomas; Unterlass, Miriam M.

doi:10.1039/c7ta02498c

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Therefore, HTP is termed a geomimetic polycondensation . To date HTP has been exclusively reported for the preparation of polyimides (PIs), and PI/SiO 2 hybrid materials . In a typical HTP experiment, the comonomers toward PIs, i.e., a diamine and a dianhydride (typically employed as the corresponding tetracarboxylic acid) are mixed in H 2 O at RT ≤ T < 100 °C ( Figure A).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exerting Additive‐Assisted Morphological Control during Hydrothermal Polymerization

Taublaender

Reiter

Unterlass

2017

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Hydrothermal polymerization (HTP) is a benign and inherently green synthetic approach to synthesize highly crystalline polyimides (PIs) in nothing but high‐temperature water (HTW). In a typical HTP experiment, highly crystalline PI microparticles of sheet‐like as well as flower‐like morphology are obtained. Within this contribution, the effect of four additives (PEG400, PEG8000, P123, CTAB) on the crystallinity and morphology of the PI poly(p‐phenylene pyromellitimide) is investigated. From the experiments performed, it becomes evident that the type as well as the concentration of additive heavily influences morphology. However, even the highest tested concentration of additive (67 g L−1 of PEG8000) does not lead to a change in average crystallinity, as determined from powder X‐ray diffraction. Hence, this approach provides a straightforward method to intentionally tune PI particle morphology without losing the outstanding materials properties generated by the high crystallinity obtained via HTP. Additionally, a hypothesis regarding the poly(ethylene glycol)‐induced morphology alteration is presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exerting Additive‐Assisted Morphological Control during Hydrothermal Polymerization

Taublaender

Reiter

Unterlass

2017

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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“…Most recently, the first example of the purely hydrothermal synthesis of a hybrid material was presented: Leimhofer et al reported the hydrothermal co-condensation of normalSiO2 and the semialiphatic polyimide poly(hexamethylene pyromellitimide) [82]. Here, the co-condensation profits from the acidity of one of the polyimide precursors that removes the necessity of an additional condensation promotor for the normalSiO2 formation (which would typically be required).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geomimetics and Extreme Biomimetics Inspired by Hydrothermal Systems—What Can We Learn from Nature for Materials Synthesis?

Unterlass

2017

Biomimetics

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'Extreme biomimetics' and 'geomimetics' are relatively recent fields of materials chemistry. Both take inspiration from natural materials for generating novel synthetic materials or enhanced properties in known materials. In geomimetics, the source of inspiration is geological systems, while extreme biomimetics is motivated by organisms operating in-from an anthropocentric point of view-extreme conditions. This review article focuses on geomimetic and extreme biomimetic hydrothermal synthesis. Since hydrothermal preparative chemistry typically uses nothing but water and the required precursors, the field belongs to the research area of 'green materials chemistry'. Geomimetics, on the one hand, takes inspiration from natural materials formation. Extreme Biomimetics, on the other hand, is inspired by materials found in extremophile organisms, instead of aiming to implement their actual biosynthesis. In this contribution, both extreme biomimetics and geomimetics are first defined, and further critically discussed on the basis of recent, selected examples. Moreover, the necessity for the two closely related fields as well their prospects are commented on.

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“…Nevertheless, the method allows the synthesis of new PI structures [135] and composites [136], which can also be assisted by microwaves [137] or extended toward the production of PI fibers by green electrospinning or application-driven materials [133,138].…”

Section: Other Green and Non-conventional Synthetic Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

New High-Performance Materials: Bio-Based, Eco-Friendly Polyimides

Rusu¹,

Abadie²

2021

Polyimide for Electronic and Electrical Engineering Applications

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The development of high-performance bio-based polyimides (PIs) seems a difficult task due to the incompatibility between petrochemical-derived, aromatic monomers and renewable, natural resources. Moreover, their production usually implies less eco-friendly experimental conditions, especially in terms of solvents and thermal conditions. In this chapter, we touch some of the most significant research endeavors that were devoted in the last decade to engineering naturally derived PI building blocks based on nontoxic, bio-renewable feedstocks. In most cases, the structural motifs of natural products are modified toward amine functionalities that are then used in classical or nonconventional methods for PI synthesis. We follow their evolution as viable alternatives to traditional starting compounds and prove they are able to generate eco-friendly PI materials that retain a combination of high-performance characteristics, or even bring some novel, enhanced features to the field. At the same time, serious progress has been made in the field of nonconventional synthetic and processing options for the development of PI-based materials. Greener experimental conditions such as ionic liquids, supercritical fluids, microwaves, and geothermal techniques represent feasible routes and reduce the negative environmental footprint of PIs' development. We also approach some insights regarding the sustainability, degradation, and recycling of PI-based materials.

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Green one-pot synthesis and processing of polyimide–silica hybrid materials

Abstract: A green and scalable one-pot hydrothermal synthesis generates polyimide/silica hybrid materials, which can be processed by green, solvent-free sintering.

Cited by 19 publications

References 37 publications

Exerting Additive‐Assisted Morphological Control during Hydrothermal Polymerization

Exerting Additive‐Assisted Morphological Control during Hydrothermal Polymerization

Geomimetics and Extreme Biomimetics Inspired by Hydrothermal Systems—What Can We Learn from Nature for Materials Synthesis?

New High-Performance Materials: Bio-Based, Eco-Friendly Polyimides

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