Green remediation. Tool for safe and sustainable environment: a review

Abstract

Nowadays, the bioremediation of toxic pollutants is a subject of interest in terms of health issues and environmental cleaning. In the present review, an ecofriendly, cost-effective approach is discussed for the detoxification of environmental pollutants by the means of natural purifier, i.e., blue-green algae over the conventional methods. Industrial wastes having toxic pollutants are not able to eliminate completely by existing the conventional techniques; in fact, these methods can only change their form rather than the entire degradation. These pollutants have an adverse effect on aquatic life, such as fauna and flora, and finally harm human life directly or indirectly. Cyanobacterial approach for the removal of this contaminant is an efficient tool for sustainable development and pollution control. Cyanobacteria are the primary consumers of food chain which absorbed complex toxic compounds from environments and convert them to simple nontoxic compounds which finally protect higher food chain consumer and eliminate risk of pollution. In addition, these organisms have capability to solve secondary pollution, as they can remediate radioactive compound, petroleum waste and degrade toxins from pesticides.

Irradiation of wastewater with electron beam is a key to sustainable smart/green cities: a review

“…The sources of water pollution are categorized into two types: point and non-point (diffuse) sources. Hossain et al ( , 2016, Singh et al (2016), Ismail 2015, Carpenter et al (1998) and Duda (1993) portrayed that point sources are typically piped discharges from municipal wastewater treatment plants, industrial facilities, small packaged treatment plants, large urban and industrial storm water systems and residential 6 Page 2 of 11 straight piping. Non-point sources on the other hand include storm water runoff from timber harvesting, agricultural lands, rural residential development, failing septic systems and mining.…”

“…The penetration depth or electron range (R e ) of electrons into an irradiated matter depends mainly on kinetic energy (accelerating voltage V A ) of electrons and on mass density of an irradiated material. The dependence of the penetration depth on the accelerating voltage is non-linear due to secondary processes, such as backscattering and emission of secondary electrons, and can be approximated using the following equations (Sciiler et al 1982):…”

“…The adverse public health, environmental, socio-economic, food quality and security and esthetic impacts from wastewater contamination in coastal areas are well documented (Abbas et al 2017;Danulat et al 2002;WHO 2003). Contamination of the coastal water may result in changes in nutrient levels, abundance, biomass and diversity of organisms, bioaccumulation of organic and inorganic compounds and alteration of tropic interaction among species Singh et al 2016;. Receiving water with high flushing capacity is able to dilute or eliminate most of the conventional pollutants, but persistent toxic compounds and long lived pathogens will always be troublesome.…”

Spirulina, The Boon of Nature

“…The development of strategies for the clearance of pharmaceutical and waste residual, pesticides and heavy metals from natural and agricultural landscapes is now a matter of concern (Singh et al, 2017) .Cyanobacteria are aquatic prokaryotes that have an unexceptional ability for sewage treatment and bioremediation of harmful pollutants from residues and solutions for more than 3 billion years. Spirulina can store pollutants in its cells that help to treat water pollution.…”

Nanoagroparticles emerging trends and future prospect in modern agriculture system

“…The severity of OPPs is rapidly expanding annually with an alarming number of poisonings worldwide with myriad effects from mild to significant including cancer, neurological effects, Parkinson disorder, respiratory diseases, fetal diseases, genetic disorders, infertility, and diabetes (Hu et al, 2015). In order to reduce the risk posed by various pesticides, there has been substantial research across the globe to remediate these pollutants with conventional methods like vitrification, excavation, addition of reactants, incineration and transportation of pollutants to offsite dumping yards (Singh et al, 2016). But the majority of these processes are expensive with the burden of approximately US $25-50 billion annually (Kang, 2014).…”