Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles mediated Diospyros kaki L. (Persimmon): determination of chemical composition and evaluation of their antimicrobials and anticancer activities

Abstract

The eco-friendly synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) using biological materials is an encouraging and innovativeness approach to nanotechnology. Among other synthesizing methods, biological methods are chosen because of their high efficiency and purity in many aspects. In this work, using the aqueous extract obtained from the green leaves of the D. kaki L. (DK); silver nanoparticles were synthesized in a short time and simply with an eco-friendly approach. The properties of the synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were characterized using various techniques and measurements. In the characterization data of AgNPs, Maximum absorbance at 453.34 nm wavelengths, the average size distribution of 27.12 nm, the surface charge of −22.4 mV, and spherical appearance were observed. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis was used to assess the compound composition of D. kaki leaf extract. The chemical profiling of the crude extract of D. kaki leaves revealed the presence of a variety of phytochemicals, predominantly phenolics, resulting in the identification of five major high-feature compounds: two major phenolic acids (Chlorogenic acid and Cynarin), and tree flavonol glucosides (hyperoside, quercetin-3-glucoside, and quercetin-3- D-xyloside). The components with the highest concentrations were cynarin, chlorogenic acid, quercetin-3- D-xyloside, hyperoside, and quercetin-3-glucoside, respectively. Antimicrobial results were determined by a MIC assay. The biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited strong antibacterial activity against the human and food pathogen Gram (+ and −) bacteria and good antifungal activity against pathogenic yeast. It was determined that 0.03–0.050 μg/mL concentrations ranges of DK-AgNPs were growth suppressive concentrations on all pathogen microorganisms. The MTT technique was used to study the cytotoxic effects of produced AgNPs on cancer cell lines (Glioblastoma (U118), Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), Human Ovarian Sarcoma (Skov-3) cancer cell lines, and Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDF) healthy cell line). It has been observed that they have a suppressive effect on the proliferation of cancerous cell lines. After 48 h of treatment with Ag-NPs, the DK-AgNPs were found to be extremely cytotoxic to the CaCo-2 cell line, inhibiting cell viability by up to 59.49% at a concentration of 50 g mL−1. It was found that the viability was inversely related to the DK-AgNP concentration. The biosynthesized AgNPs had dose-dependent anticancer efficacy. Because of the high concentration of bioactive chemicals in Diospyros kaki, it may be employed as a biological resource in medicinal applications. DK-AgNPs were shown to be an effective antibacterial agent as well as a prospective anticancer agent. The results provide a potential approach for the biogenic production of DK-AgNPs utilizing D. kaki aqueous leaf extract.

Barley-Derived Green Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles: Transforming Agricultural Resources into Sustainable Nanomaterials

“…2H, I) for Barley-AuNPs and 2-10 nm Barley-AgNPs (Fig. 2U,V) [24]. This observation suggests a homogeneity in the dimensions of the analyzed entities [12].…”

“…The combined insights from stability assessments, zeta potential measurements, and other analytical techniques collectively a rm that Barley-AuNPs and Barley-AgNPs possess enduring stability and characteristics conducive to diverse practical applications. These nanoparticles, with stability mechanisms rooted in electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance, hold promise for sustained performance and adaptability in various environmental conditions [24].…”

Green-Synthesized Characterization, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Applications of CtAC/MNPs-Ag Nanocomposites

“…The effects that are shown in Figure 8 are assumed to be the mechanism that is responsible for the inactivation of bacteria by CtAC/MNPs-Ag. Several reports have suggested that this inactivation is related to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), depletion of antioxidants, and protein dysfunction ( Figure 8 ) [ 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ]. Considering the aforementioned works and the discoveries of the current investigation, we have put up a credible and comprehensive procedure.…”

Harnessing barley grains for green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles with antibacterial potential

“…The combined insights from stability assessments, zeta potential measurements, and other analytical techniques affirm that Barley-AuNPs and Barley-AgNPs possess enduring stability and characteristics conducive to diverse practical applications. These NPs, with stability mechanisms rooted in electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance, hold promise for sustained performance and adaptability in various conditions [ 49 ].…”