Green synthesis protocols, toxicity, and recent progress in nanomaterial-based for environmental chemical sensors applications

Facile fabrication of a graphene-based chemical sensor with ultrasensitivity for nitrobenzene

“…Moreover, for typical practical applications, these can be acquired for environmental monitoring, agriculture purposes, food protection, public safety, disease detection and military security. 4,5,15…”

“…1,2 There is an increasing demand for sensors in a diversity of fields, including automobiles, aerospace, security, environmental monitoring, food industries, manufacturing and pharmaceuticals. 3–5 Graphene consisting of sp 2 -hybridized carbon atoms in a hexagonal structure offers high electrical conductivity and ultrathin lattice structure, which endow sensor devices based on graphene with ultrasensitivity and fast response. 6,7 These features make graphene suitable for sensing a wide range of chemicals and gases; however, the sensitivity of a graphene sensor may vary for different analytes.…”

Recent Advancements and Unexplored Biomedical Applications of Green Synthesized Ag and Au Nanoparticles: A Review

“…For largescale manufacturing and commercialization, it is essential to achieve repeatable nanoparticle characteristics and consistent synthesis techniques. 230 Secondly, Green synthesis techniques may not always provide for exact control of the NPs' size and form. To maximize their qualities and guarantee reliable performance in biomedical applications, homogeneity in particle size and shape is essential.…”

A review of nanomaterials for biosensing applications

“…15–18 Unprecedented biosensor opportunities are now available through nanotechnology, utilizing the precise control and manipulation of nanoscale matter. Highly selective detection and quantitative analysis of biomolecules can be achieved by designing and constructing nanomaterials on the nanoscale, improving the synthesis methods of nanomaterials, 19 and constructing biosensors with multifunctionality and high sensitivity from nanomaterials. 20 Because of these advantages, nanomaterials have been increasingly used in the field of biosensing.…”