Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Mitigate Biotic Stress Induced by Meloidogyne incognita in Trachyspermum ammi (L.) by Improving Growth, Biochemical, and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities

Abstract

Meloidogyne incognita is an important plant-parasitic nematode that causes significant crop losses all over the world. The primary control strategy for this pathogen is still based on nematicides, which are hazardous to human health and the environment. Considering these problems, this study aimed to determine the efficacy of different concentrations (25, 50, and 100 ppm) of silver nanoparticles against M. incognita on Trachyspermum ammi . Silver nanoparticles synthesized from Senna siamea were thoroughly characterized using various physicochemical techniques, viz., UV–visible spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX). Results revealed that plants treated with 50 ppm silver nanoparticles one week before M. incognita inoculation (T 2 ) exhibited maximum and significant ( p ≤ 0.05) increases in plant growth, biochemical characteristics, and activities of defense enzymes such as peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase over the inoculated control (IC) plants. Furthermore, the maximum reduction in the number of galls, egg masses, and root-knot indices was recorded in plants treated with 100 ppm silver nanoparticles (T 3 ) followed by plants treated with 50 ppm silver nanoparticles before nematode inoculation (T 2 ), over inoculated plants (IC). Anatomical studies showed accumulation of lignin in the transverse section (TS) of roots treated with 50 ppm silver nanoparticles. As a result, the present finding strongly suggests that silver nanoparticles synthesized from S. siamea had nematicidal activity, and it could be an efficient, safe, cost-effective, and affordable alternative to chemical nematicide.

Biological Control of Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita in Psoralea corylifolia Plant by Enhancing the Biocontrol Efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum Using Press Mud

“…Infection of plants with nematode caused a significant decrease in NR, CA and N content as compared to control plants. Similar results were recorded by Danish et al [55] who found that infestation with M. incognita to Trachyspermum ammi (L.) caused a significant decrease in the same contents. On the other hand, treatment with 50 mL of T. harzianum and 100 g of press mud before 7 days of infestation by M. incognita significantly increased NR, CA and N contents.…”

Nano-pesticidal potential of Cassia fistula (L.) leaf synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag@CfL-NPs): Deciphering the phytopathogenic inhibition and growth augmentation in Solanum lycopersicum (L.)

“…Also, the shape of Ag@Cf L-NPs observed in the TEM micrograph is following the SEM image, i.e., spherical. This finding was in lined with the results of Danish et al (2021a).…”

“…Till date chemical pesticides are used to manage the bacterial, fungal, and nematode infections, however, most of them have detrimental effects on human, animal and soil health. In this perception, the use of biosynthesized Ag-NPs in agriculture is gaining popularity due to their antioxidant and broad range of antibacterial action, as well as their eco-friendly, biocompatible, and cost-effective nature (Danish et al, 2021a). It is thus of great interest to investigate the inhibitory impact of manufactured Ag-NPs against important plant pathogens, which may be employed as a cost-effective, ecologically friendly, and safe technique in the field of nanotechnology.…”

Biological silicon nanoparticles maximize the efficiency of nematicides against biotic stress induced by Meloidogyne incognita in eggplant

“…Application by 0.5 RD of nematicides and SiNPs reduced nematode parameters such as gall formation, egg masses on roots and final population of J2 in the soil. As well, it improved plant growth parameters by reduced populations of M. incognita ( Danish et al, 2021 ).…”