Green Tea Seed Oil Suppressed Aβ1–42-Induced Behavioral and Cognitive Deficit via the Aβ-Related Akt Pathway

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the availability of seeds, one of the byproducts of green tea, and evaluate the physiological activity of seed oil. The ameliorating effect of green tea seed oil (GTO) was evaluated on H2O2-induced PC12 cells and amyloid beta (Aβ)1–42-induced ICR mice. GTO showed improvement of cell viability and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in H2O2-induced PC12 cells by conducting the 2′,3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) analysis. Also, administration of GTO (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight) presented protective effects on behavioral and memory dysfunction by conducting Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests in Aβ-induced ICR mice. GTO protected the antioxidant system by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reducing glutathione (GSH) contents. It significantly regulated the cholinergic system of acetylcholine (ACh) contents, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, and AChE expression. Also, mitochondrial function was improved through the reduced production of ROS and damage of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) by regulating the Aβ-related c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/protein kinase B (Akt) and Akt/apoptosis pathways. This study suggested that GTO may have an ameliorating effect on cognitive dysfunction and neurotoxicity through various physiological activities.

Anti-Amnesic Effect of Walnut via the Regulation of BBB Function and Neuro-Inflammation in Aβ1-42-Induced Mice

“…In various studies, i.c.v. Aβ injection has been reported to impair the memory and learning process, determined by evaluating a variety of experimental studies, such as novel object recognition and passive avoidance, as well as Y-maze and MWM tests [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. Based on previous studies, cognitive and memory function was estimated in Aβ 1-42 -induced mice.…”

Ginsenosides Rg5 and Rk1 Enriched Cultured Wild Ginseng Root Extract Bioconversion of Pediococcus pentosaceus HLJG0702: Effect on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Dysfunction in Mice

“…Many natural compounds, such as Silymarin, green tea seed oil, curcumin, and Cuscuta chinensis , all showed the protection of cholinergic function including AChE inhibition, and some of them were also found to be effective in reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. The potential neuroprotection functions of HLJG0701 and the similarity with foregoing natural compounds in physiological actions further support its availability as a treatment of neurodegenerative diseases [41,42,43,44].…”

Effect of Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Eucommia ulmoides Leaves on PM2.5-Induced Inflammation and Cognitive Dysfunction

“…The Y-maze consists of the length (33 cm), height (15 cm), and width (10 cm), respectively. Mice were placed at the end of one arm, and the movement of each mouse was recorded by a smart video tracking system (Smart 3.0, Panlab, Barcelona, Spain) for 8 min [ 20 , 21 ]. In Y-maze test, evaluated behavioral parameters were total distance and triplet (%) of spontaneous alternative behavior.…”

“…In the hidden test, the escape time to the platform was measured for 4 days (maximum time: 60 sec). In the probe test, the platform was removed retention time in the W zone, and movements of mice were recorded using a smart video tracking system (Smart 3.0, Panlab) [ 21 , 22 ]. After all in vivo tests were completed, mice were sacrificed using CO 2 inhalation.…”