Greenfield Gradual Migration Planning toward Spectrally-Spatially Flexible Optical Networks

Lechowicz, Piotr; Goścień, Róża; Rumipamba-Zambrano, Rubén; Perelló, Jordi; Spadaro, Salvatore; Walkowiak, Krzysztof

doi:10.1109/mcom.001.1900207

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Hence, traffic profiles, traffic forecasting, and evolving network scenarios need to be considered for optimum migration planning. Migration strategies for WDM to EON and EON to SDM-EON have been developed in the literature [218], [219], [220], [221], [222], [223]. Here, both the greenfield and brownfield migration strategies have been developed, where it is ensured that the existing services should not be interrupted during migration.…”

Section: F Migration Strategies and Techno-economic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Key Distribution Secured Optical Networks: A Survey

Sharma

Agrawal

Bhatia

et al. 2021

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

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Increasing incidents of cyber attacks and evolution of quantum computing poses challenges to secure existing information and communication technologies infrastructure. In recent years, quantum key distribution (QKD) is being extensively researched, and is widely accepted as a promising technology to realize secure networks. Optical fiber networks carry a huge amount of information, and are widely deployed around the world in the backbone terrestrial, submarine, metro, and access networks. Thus, instead of using separate dark fibers for quantum communication, integration of QKD with the existing classical optical networks has been proposed as a cost-efficient solution, however, this integration introduces new research challenges. In this paper, we do a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art QKD secured optical networks, which is going to shape communication networks in the coming decades. We elucidate the methods and protocols used in QKD secured optical networks, and describe the process of key establishment. Various methods proposed in the literature to address the networking challenges in QKD secured optical networks, specifically, routing, wavelength and time-slot allocation (RWTA), resiliency, trusted repeater node (TRN) placement, QKD for multicast service, and quantum key recycling are described and compared in detail. This survey begins with the introduction to QKD and its advantages over conventional encryption methods. Thereafter, an overview of QKD is given including quantum bits, basic QKD system, QKD schemes and protocol families along with the detailed description of QKD process based on the Bennett and Brassard-84 (BB84) protocol as it is the most widely used QKD protocol in the literature. QKD system are also prone to some specific types of attacks, hence, we describe the types of quantum hacking attacks on the QKD system along with the methods used to prevent them. Subsequently, the process of point-to-point mechanism of QKD over an optical fiber link is described in detail using the BB84 protocol. Different architectures of QKD secured optical networks are described next. Finally, major findings from this comprehensive survey are summarized with highlighting open issues and challenges in QKD secured optical networks.

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Section: F Migration Strategies and Techno-economic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Key Distribution Secured Optical Networks: A Survey

Sharma

Agrawal

Bhatia

et al. 2021

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Given the contiguity and continuity constraints imposed by EONs, the eventual advantages of dynamic operation in EONs might not compensate for the increased complexity of devices and the control plane. In fact, the literature discussion points first to evolution from current static WDM optical networks towards static EONs (for efficient usage of the installed spectrum), and then, incorporating SDM techniques to increase the network capacity [24], [25]. Thus, as in [13], in this paper, we solve the static RMLSSA problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Performance of SDM-EON Through Demand Prioritization: A Comprehensive Analysis

et al. 2021

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This paper studies the impact of demand-prioritization on Space-Division Multiplexing Elastic Optical Networks (SDM-EON). For this purpose, we solve the static Routing, Modulation Level, Spatial Mode, and Spectrum Assignment (RMLSSA) problem using 34 different explainable demandprioritization strategies. Although previous works have applied heuristics or meta-heuristics to perform demand-prioritization, they have not focused on identifying the best prioritization strategies, their inner operation, and the implications behind their good performance by thorough profiling and impact analysis. We focus on a comprehensive analysis identifying the best explainable strategies to sort network demands in SDM-EON, considering the physical-layer impairments found in optical communications. Also, we show that simply using the common shortest path routing might lead to higher resource requirements. Extensive simulation results show that up to 8.33 % capacity savings can be achieved on average by balanced routing, up to a 16.69 % capacity savings can be achieved using the best performing demandprioritization strategy compared to the worst-performing ones, the most used demand-prioritization strategy in the literature (serving demands with higher bandwidth requirements first) is not the best-performing one but the one sorting based on the path lengths, and using double-criteria strategies to break ties is key for a good performance. These results are relevant showing that a good combination of routing and demand-prioritization heuristics impact significantly on network performance. Additionally, they increase the understanding about the inner workings of good heuristics, a valuable knowledge when network settings forbid using more computationally complex approaches.

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“…The work [9], on the other hand, presents a study of the effect of the size of requests expressed in slots on the performance of a network described by different quality assessment parameters. It is worth noting that other factors affecting the number of frequency units (FSUs) allocated can also be distinguished, which include modulation technique, distance, and connection path quality [10][11][12][13][14][15]. In [10], a spectrum-efficient and scalable optical transport network architecture called SLICE is shown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13] investigates the possibility of establishing an optical path in a flexible WDM networks environment with variable bandwidth, flexi-grid, and distance-adaptive OFDM physical layer capability. The paper [14] proposes a strategy for the gradual migration of flexible WDM networks operating on single-mode fiber towards spectrally-spatially-flexible optical networks (SS-FONs) using spatially-divided multiplexing (SDM) technology. The work uses novel planning heuristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation Studies of 3-Stage Clos Switching Network with Prioritization Mechanism Used in Flexible Wavelength-Division Multiplexing Network Nodes

Nowak,

Sobieraj,

Leitgeb

et al. 2024

Electronics

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Given the escalating need for greater bandwidth, there is a growing interest in implementing mechanisms that ensure reliable and optimal service levels for specific traffic classes, especially during periods of heavy network traffic. One such mechanism is the prioritization mechanism, where certain portions of resources are exclusively allocated to predefined services. In the context of contemporary flexible WDM networks that employ advanced data transmission techniques, efforts have been made to create a simulation program capable of assessing the traffic characteristics of nodes within flexible WDM networks. This article presents a simulator of flexible WDM nodes with an implemented mechanism for prioritizing call classes. The simulator allows us to determine the loss probability for individual traffic classes in a switching network with point-to-point selection. In the simulator, the Clos structure was adopted as the structure of the flexible WDM network node due to its popularity in many studies and applications.

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Greenfield Gradual Migration Planning toward Spectrally-Spatially Flexible Optical Networks

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

Quantum Key Distribution Secured Optical Networks: A Survey

Quantum Key Distribution Secured Optical Networks: A Survey

Improving the Performance of SDM-EON Through Demand Prioritization: A Comprehensive Analysis

Simulation Studies of 3-Stage Clos Switching Network with Prioritization Mechanism Used in Flexible Wavelength-Division Multiplexing Network Nodes

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