Greenhouse gas emission from direct seeded paddy fields under different soil water potentials in Eastern India

Crop establishment and nitrogen management affect greenhouse gas emission and biological activity in tropical rice production

“…Manual closed chamber technique (Kumar et al, 2016;Bhattacharyya et al, 2013) was followed to collect gas samples for the measurement of N 2 O and CH 4 emission. Aluminum base plate (53 cm × 37 cm × 10 cm length × width × height) with 2 cm wide channel on the rim were inserted into the soil at the time of field preparation.…”

“…Water management practices like mid-season drainage and intermittent irrigation have been recommended as mitigation options for reduction of CH 4 emission from rice fields (Kumar et al, 2016;Kim et al, 2014). At the same time studies report enhanced N 2 O and CO 2 emissions from soil under alternate wet and dry moisture regimes as compared to continuous flooding (Zou et al, 2007;Orchard and Cook, 1983).…”

“…Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emission from cultivated area of low land rice was much lower ranging from 1.7-4.8 Tg N 2 O N yr −1 . However, studies show that substantial N 2 O emission took place from rice fields due to mid season drainage and dry-wet episodes (Kumar et al, 2016;Yao et al, 2010), and with increasing rate of nitrogen (N) application, the N 2 O emissions from rice fields are likely to increase further (Yao et al, 2012).…”

“…Few studies are available (Kumar et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2014;Zou et al, 2005) which focus on CH 4 and N 2 O emissions from transplanted and direct seeded rice. However, field studies comparing emissions of three major GHGs i.e.…”

“…In the present scenario, increasing water scarcity has threatened productivity and sustainability of irrigated rice systems in Asia; direct seeded rice (both wet and dry) is considered to be an alternative water saving rice production technique (Kumar et al, 2016). Recently, with development of rice varieties having droughtresistant characteristics and high-yielding traits, the concept of 'aerobic rice' has received attention of scientists (Kumar et al, 2016(Kumar et al, , 2017Sandhu et al, 2012). Aerobic rice is a practice of growing rice in non-puddled soil through direct seeding and following intermittent irrigation, where water is applied when soil moisture potential reaches a lower threshold (Bouman, 2001).…”