Grid-Based Hybrid Network Deployment Approach for Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) empower applications for critical decision-making through collaborative computing, communications, and distributed sensing. However, they face several challenges due to their peculiar use in a wide variety of applications. One of the inherent challenges with any battery operated sensor is the efficient consumption of energy and its effect on network lifetime. In this paper, we introduce a novel grid-based hybrid network deployment (GHND) framework which ensures energy efficiency and load balancing in wireless sensor networks. This research is particularly focused on the merge and split technique to achieve even distribution of sensor nodes across the grid. Low density neighboring zones are merged together whereas high density zones are strategically split to achieve optimum balance. Extensive simulations reveal that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art techniques in terms of load balancing, network lifetime, and total energy consumption.

Energy Efficient Hierarchical Clustering Approaches in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey

“…Communication within a cluster is single-hop (intracluster) and between clusters is multihop (intercluster) as shown in Figure 3. Cluster-based and gridbased techniques are the most commonly used hierarchical techniques [11].…”

“…CH can switch the member nodes to low power or sleep mode to reduce the energy consumption. Due to all of the above-discussed objectives, grid-based clustering techniques are widely used by researchers to achieve energy efficiency and prolong network lifetime [11,[25][26][27][28][29]57]. Some of the existing grid-based approaches proposed in the literature are discussed with advantages and disadvantages, which are below.…”

“…The authors have used a grid-based hybrid network deployment approach (GHND) [11], in which the whole network is divided into virtual squared grids, where each grid represents a zone. Initially, the network topology is constructed using centralized approach, in which BS initiates the grid formation and cluster head selection process.…”

“…The whole network is divided into grids (zones) for randomly deployed nodes. For topology construction, they followed GHND [11] method to evenly distribute nodes across each zone. Five distinct parameters are considered for zone head (ZH) selection, such as residual energy level, distance from the nearby nodes in that particular zone, distance from the center of the zone, number of times a node has been CH, and whether the node is merged from the neighbouring zone or not.…”

“…Moreover, topology construction is also vital to distributing nodes uniformly in the clusters or grids in case of grid-based approaches to make the network efficient. The periodic reformation of clusters and reselection of CH results in excessive energy consumption that could lead to poor network performance [2,11,12]. Routing in wireless sensor networks is more challenging than other wireless networks such as mobile ad hoc network or vehicular ad hoc networks, as WSN has resource constraints [13].…”