Grid Connection Studies for Large-Scale Offshore Wind Farms Considering High Penetration of Regional Renewables

Abstract

There is a global focus on adding renewable energy sources to the mix of energy supplies. In this study, the grid connections for large-scale offshore wind farms in areas that have high penetration of renewable energy sources were examined. System strength evaluation considering the interaction of wind farms and inverter-based resources (IBRs) was performed; the fault current was then analyzed to determine their contribution to the total fault current at a bus level. These studies revealed that the interaction between offshore wind farms and IBRs may make the power system weaker, and it is possible that fault current contributions from offshore wind farms can violate the capacity limit of existing circuit breakers. The results of steady-state analysis were verified through case studies focused on the southwest area of the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) system where large-scale offshore wind farms are planned to be established and connected. Power system planners will benefit from the results of this study with a better understanding of the factors to consider when integrating large-scale wind farms in areas with high penetration of renewables.

El Estudio de Resiliencia de la Red Electrica de Puerto Rico y Transiciones a Energia 100% Renovable (PR100): Informe Final [Puerto Rico Grid Resilience and Transitions to 100% Renewable Energy Study (PR100): Final Report]

“…Con la creciente penetración de los IBR en la red eléctrica de Puerto Rico, su presencia se volverá más dominante que la de las máquinas síncronas y la disponibilidad de corriente de falla disminuirá, lo que afectará la estabilidad del voltaje y la fortaleza general de la red eléctrica. Normalmente, los generadores síncronos pueden proporcionar entre 5.0 y 10.0 veces su capacidad de corriente nominal en corriente de falla, mientras que los IBR sólo pueden proporcionar entre 1.0 y 1.3 veces la corriente nominal (Lin et al 2020;Choi et al 2022). En sistemas dominados por máquinas síncronas tradicionales, los niveles de corriente de cortocircuito son mucho más altos y el sistema de protección se ha ajustado para estas condiciones.…”

“…Un SCR más bajo indica un cambio mayor en la corriente de campo para mantener el voltaje terminal constante para un cambio de carga (Kundur 1994, 112). La regla general para que un sistema se considere débil es un SCR inferior a 3 (Choi et al 2022;Kundur 1994). La métrica SCR tradicional se utiliza mejor para interconexiones de IBR individuales en un sistema de generador síncrono dominante (Choi et al 2022;NERC 2017).…”

“…La regla general para que un sistema se considere débil es un SCR inferior a 3 (Choi et al 2022;Kundur 1994). La métrica SCR tradicional se utiliza mejor para interconexiones de IBR individuales en un sistema de generador síncrono dominante (Choi et al 2022;NERC 2017).…”

Tracking Trends for Offshore Wind Energy Industries and Infrastructures in the South Korea: Focused on the Jeonnam Shinan 8.2GW and Ulsan 6GW Offshore Wind Farm Projects

“…Lastly, large-scale projects will be prioritized to revitalize the offshore wind energy market, and KEPCO will build a joint connection (Collector bus) facility [18]. The government supports the strengthening of domestic industrial competitiveness, and prepares a roadmap not only for R&D but also for expanding infrastructure such as hinterland ports and wind turbine components test beds [18]. The above three items are made up of several detailed plans and are being pursued sequentially until 2025.…”

Minimizing the Effect of Integrating Wind Farms on Transmission Power Systems

“…In SQIG, the stator is directly connected to the grid in parallel with a shunt capacitor bank. However, wind power can be controlled by stall control or active stall control (Choi et al, 2022).…”