Grid integrated renewable DG systems: A review of power quality challenges and state‐of‐the‐art mitigation techniques

Bajaj, Mohit; Singh, Amit Kumar

doi:10.1002/er.4847

Cited by 236 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 275 publications

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“…When RE is integrated into CEG, severe frequency fluctuation can be seen, and this is due to regular loss of energy mostly elicited by RE's intermittent nature. Therefore, its integration to CEG poses a constraint [11]. However, with technological evolution seen in the electrical infrastructure in recent years, the use of RE-based DER in the electric grid has become possible [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, its integration to CEG poses a constraint [11]. However, with technological evolution seen in the electrical infrastructure in recent years, the use of RE-based DER in the electric grid has become possible [11]. The CEG has transitioned to the next level and is aided by technological changes and innovative energy generation, transmission, and distribution approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distributed Energy Resources and the Application of AI, IoT, and Blockchain in Smart Grids

et al. 2020

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Smart grid (SG), an evolving concept in the modern power infrastructure, enables the two-way flow of electricity and data between the peers within the electricity system networks (ESN) and its clusters. The self-healing capabilities of SG allow the peers to become active partakers in ESN. In general, the SG is intended to replace the fossil fuel-rich conventional grid with the distributed energy resources (DER) and pools numerous existing and emerging know-hows like information and digital communications technologies together to manage countless operations. With this, the SG will able to “detect, react, and pro-act” to changes in usage and address multiple issues, thereby ensuring timely grid operations. However, the “detect, react, and pro-act” features in DER-based SG can only be accomplished at the fullest level with the use of technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and the Blockchain (BC). The techniques associated with AI include fuzzy logic, knowledge-based systems, and neural networks. They have brought advances in controlling DER-based SG. The IoT and BC have also enabled various services like data sensing, data storage, secured, transparent, and traceable digital transactions among ESN peers and its clusters. These promising technologies have gone through fast technological evolution in the past decade, and their applications have increased rapidly in ESN. Hence, this study discusses the SG and applications of AI, IoT, and BC. First, a comprehensive survey of the DER, power electronics components and their control, electric vehicles (EVs) as load components, and communication and cybersecurity issues are carried out. Second, the role played by AI-based analytics, IoT components along with energy internet architecture, and the BC assistance in improving SG services are thoroughly discussed. This study revealed that AI, IoT, and BC provide automated services to peers by monitoring real-time information about the ESN, thereby enhancing reliability, availability, resilience, stability, security, and sustainability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Energy Resources and the Application of AI, IoT, and Blockchain in Smart Grids

et al. 2020

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“…Using these data, the load flow analyses for 24 hours are executed, and the maximal and average values for voltage unbalance and current unbalance are recorded for this iteration. (5) Repeat this process until the completion of Monte Carlo simulations…”

Section: Proposed Improving Methods For System Unbalancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The neutral current of a transformer is depicted in Equation (5). It is the summation of three phase currents of the transformer.…”

Section: Current Unbalancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A brief introduction about the energy storage, demand side management and micro grid has also been presented. A comprehensive analysis of power quality challenges with grid integration of renewable distribution generating systems and associated mitigation techniques is proposed in [5]. Several studies were performed to determine the limiting factors for the installations of PVGSs in distribution networks [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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System Unbalance Analyses and Improvement for Rooftop Photovoltaic Generation Systems in Distribution Networks

Leou

Teng

et al. 2020

Energies

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This paper studies the system unbalance caused by rooftop Photovoltaic Generation Systems (PVGSs) in distribution networks and proposes an improved method. The voltage and current unbalance studies for three extreme cases considering all rooftop PVGSs being connected to one single phase and then the stochastic analyses for the integration cases of rooftop PVGSs are considered. These three extreme cases lead to severe system unbalance problems. An improving method that combines the On Load Tap Changer (OLTC) and the optimal phase arrangement of distribution transformers is proposed in this paper to mitigate the system unbalance. The OLTC-based improving method is applied first. If the system unbalance is still out of range, the optimal phase arrangement of distribution transformers is further used to mitigate the system unbalance problem. The objective function of optimal phase arrangement is to minimize the system unbalance with the constraints of voltage limits, line flow limit, etc. Test results show that the proposed method can improve the system unbalance significantly even under very extreme cases.

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Harmonic reduction of three‐phase power inverter injection current using virtual admittance

Izadi

Foroud

2020

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary Power inverter plays important and multifaceted roles as an intermediary between renewable energy sources and the grid. One of these important roles is to maintain and improve the quality of power produced by these energy sources under grid different conditions. The purpose of this article is to present a new control scheme that uses the concept of virtual admittance to reduce the injection current harmonics, when the local grid voltage is distorted. The scheme is implemented in the synchronous reference frame (dq) and the method of obtaining the virtual admittance function is simpler and completely different. Although the responsibility for harmonic compensation rests with the virtual admittance, its constituent loop is outside the main control loop of the injection current and uses the local grid voltage feed forwarding. Therefore, an advantage of this method is that it does not interfere with an important issue such as the stability of the inverter control system. Another important issue considered in this article is the possibility of instability of the inverter control system due to the insufficient damping in the inner loop of the low‐pass output filter and also the ability to give the inverter to start it soft. For these purposes, an internal voltage control loop with a Proportional‐Integral‐Derivative controller (PID) and an external current control loop with PI controller are designed in the synchronous reference frame. Finally, in order to validate the proposed control scheme, the simulation results are presented in different conditions.

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Grid integrated renewable DG systems: A review of power quality challenges and state‐of‐the‐art mitigation techniques

Cited by 236 publications

References 275 publications

Distributed Energy Resources and the Application of AI, IoT, and Blockchain in Smart Grids

Distributed Energy Resources and the Application of AI, IoT, and Blockchain in Smart Grids

System Unbalance Analyses and Improvement for Rooftop Photovoltaic Generation Systems in Distribution Networks

Harmonic reduction of three‐phase power inverter injection current using virtual admittance

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