Grid Integration Challenges of Wind Energy: A Review

Ahmed, Shakir D.; Al–Ismail, Fahad Saleh; Shafiullah, Md; Al‐Sulaiman, Fahad A.; El-Amin, Ibrahim

doi:10.1109/access.2020.2964896

Cited by 316 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 196 publications

(179 reference statements)

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“…A brief technical review of challenges of grid integration of solar and wind power is explored in [5]. A more comprehensive review regarding the challenges in wind power integration into the grid is given in [6]. From the outcomes of preliminary research surveys and discussions, grid frequency fluctuation is the major challenge of grid integration of intermittent generation.…”

Section: Introduction 1backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using MPC to Balance Intermittent Wind and Solar Power with Hydro Power in Microgrids

et al. 2021

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In a microgrid connected with both intermittent and dispatchable sources, intermittency caused by sources such as solar and wind power plants can be balanced by dispatching hydro power into the grid. Both intermittent generation and consumption are stochastic in nature, not known perfectly, and require future prediction. The stochastic generation and consumption will cause the grid frequency to drift away from a required range. To improve performance, operation should be optimized over some horizon, with the added problem that intermittent power varies randomly into the future. Optimal management of dynamic system over a future horizon with disturbances is often posed as a Model Predictive Control (MPC) problem. In this paper, we have employed an MPC scheme for generating a hydro-turbine valve signal for dispatching necessary hydro power to the intermittent grid and maintaining grid frequency. Parameter sensitivity analysis shows that grid frequency is mostly sensitive to the turbine valve signal. We have found that controller discretization time, grid frequency, and power injection into the grid are interrelated, and play an important role in maintaining the grid frequency within the thresholds. Results also indicate that the fluctuations in grid frequency are insignificant on the turbine valve position during power injection into the grid.

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Section: Introduction 1backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using MPC to Balance Intermittent Wind and Solar Power with Hydro Power in Microgrids

et al. 2021

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“…Wind power is one of the most sustainable, abundant and cost-effective energy sources [1,2]. A large portion of wind power is being injected into distribution systems through small wind power plants (WPPs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SCR = SCC P wind (2) Given that wind turbine generators are generally installed on areas located far from the distribution substation, e.g., hilltops and close by the ocean, the output electrical power is transmitted to the grid through long lines. This results in large short-circuit impedance (Z sc ) and small SCC and SCR [1,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a Decision Tree Algorithm for Wind Power Plants Siting and Sizing in Distribution Networks

Ghimire

Alizadeh

2021

Energies

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The interconnection of wind power plants (WPPs) with distribution networks has posed many challenges concerned with voltage stability at the point of common coupling (PCC). In a distribution network connected WPP, the short-circuit ratio (SCR) and impedance angle ratio seen at PCC (X/RPCC) are the most important parameters, which affect the PCC voltage (VPCC) stability. Hence, design engineers need to conduct the WPP siting and sizing assessment considering the SCR and X/RPCC seen at each potential PCC site to ensure that the voltage stability requirements defined by grid codes are provided. In various literature works, optimal siting and sizing of distributed generation in distribution networks (DG) has been carried out using analytical, numerical, and heuristics approaches. The majority of these methods require performing computational tasks or simulate the whole distribution network, which is complex and time-consuming. In addition, other works proposed to simplify the WPP siting and sizing have limited accuracy. To address the aforementioned issues, in this paper, a decision tree algorithm-based model was developed for WPP siting and sizing in distribution networks. The proposed model eliminates the need to simulate the whole system and provides a higher accuracy compared to the similar previous works. For this purpose, the model accurately predicts key voltage stability criteria at a given interconnection point, including VPCC profile and maximum permissible wind power generation, using the SCR and X/RPCC values seen at that point. The results confirmed the proposed model provides a noticeable high accuracy in predicting the voltage stability criteria under various validation scenarios considered.

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“…The most desired features in smart grid monitoring and operation are fast response and adaptation of detection and classification techniques with the changes associated with renewable energy penetration, noise and loads. Hence, the researchers are focused on the advancement of signal processing based detection techniques and artificial intelligence-based classification techniques for smart utility grids, which promises an effective solution to the monitoring of PQ challenges in the smart grid [4]. The methods resulted in fast and accurate detection and classification of PQDs in the utility grid with RE penetration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Review on Detection and Classification of Power Quality Disturbances in Utility Grid With Renewable Energy Penetration

et al. 2020

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The global concern with power quality is increasing due to the penetration of renewable energy (RE) sources to cater the energy demands and meet de-carbonization targets. Power quality (PQ) disturbances are found to be more predominant with RE penetration due to the variable outputs and interfacing converters. There is a need to recognize and mitigate PQ disturbances to supply clean power to the consumer. This paper presents a critical review of techniques used for detection and classification PQ disturbances in the utility grid with renewable energy penetration. The broad perspective of this review paper is to provide various concepts utilized for extraction of the features to detect and classify the PQ disturbances even in the noisy environment. More than 220 research publications have been critically reviewed, classified and listed for quick reference of the engineers, scientists and academicians working in the power quality area.

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Grid Integration Challenges of Wind Energy: A Review

Cited by 316 publications

References 196 publications

Using MPC to Balance Intermittent Wind and Solar Power with Hydro Power in Microgrids

Using MPC to Balance Intermittent Wind and Solar Power with Hydro Power in Microgrids

Developing a Decision Tree Algorithm for Wind Power Plants Siting and Sizing in Distribution Networks

Comprehensive Review on Detection and Classification of Power Quality Disturbances in Utility Grid With Renewable Energy Penetration

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