Gross morphological and sex wise morphometrical studies on the tenth, eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth thoracic vertebrae of Blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus)

Abstract

The present study was carried out on the tenth, eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth thoracic vertebrae of six specimens of adult Blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) of either sex. The tenth, eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth thoracic vertebrae were characterized by long supraspinous process, cylindrical, but short centrum. The centrum was distinctly constricted in the middle and presented a thin-edged ventral crest. The arch presented shallow notches and was perforated by intervertebral foramina at its caudal aspect. The mammillary processes were fused with the anterior articular processes in T12 and T13. The backward slope of the dorsal supraspinous process decreased from T10 to T12. The supraspinous process of T13 was vertical and wide as lumbar vertebra. The costal facets were placed on either side at the end of the articular extremities of the centrum. However, the posterior costal facets were absent in T13. Each articular facet was a demi-facet which articulated with the half of the part of the head of the rib. The cranial vertebral notches were shallow and small, but the caudal ones were deeper. The arch was caudally perforated by an additional intervertebral foramen on either side. The cranial articular processes were represented by oval facets on the anterior part of the arch and faced upwards except in T11, where they were triangular in shape, whereas the caudal ones sprang from the base of the dorsal supraspinous process. The left caudal articular facets of T13 was placed at a higher level than the right ones.

Gross Morphological and Sex Wise Morphometrical Studies on Mandible of Adult Blue Bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus)

“…The adult male of the Blue bull appears like ox and so called as Blue bull (Sathapathy et al, 2019d andSathapathy et al, 2019e). They are generally seen in day times in the meadow pasture, timberland areas and agricultural land area (Sathapathy et al, 2019f andSathapathy et al, 2019h). The Blue bulls are safeguarded beneath the IUCN since 2003 and also under safeguard of 'Schedule III' of the Indian W ildlife Protection Act, 1972 (Bagchi et al, 2004).…”

“…The massive body of this animal can be attributed to the large skeleton of the antelope (Sathapathy et al, 2019i andSathapathy et al, 2019j). Further, the skeleton of the Blue bull comprises of large and massive bones of axial and appendicular skeleton that not only protects the viscera, but also provides shape and support to the heavy musculature (Sathapathy et al, 2020a, Sathapathy et al, 2020band Sathapathy et al, 2020c. The present study developed a baseline data on the gross morphology and sex wise morphometrical differences in the mandible of adult Blue bull that would immensely help the wild life anatomists and Veterinarians in species identification and solving forensic and vetero-legal cases as no previous work has been done in this field on the Blue bull.…”

Sex Wise Morphometrical Studies on the Mid Thoracic Ribs of Blue Bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus)

“…The massive body of this animal can be attributed to the large skeleton of the antelope (Sathapathy et al, 2019i). Further, the skeleton of the Blue bull comprises of large and massive bones of axial and appendicular skeleton that not only protects the viscera, Sex Wise Morphometrical Studies on the Mid Thoracic Ribs of Blue Bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) but also provides shape and support to the heavy musculature (Sathapathy et al, 2020a andSathapathy et al, 2020b). The present study developed a baseline data on the sex wise morphometrical differences in the mid thoracic ribs, i.e.…”

​Morphometrical Studies on Skull Bones of Adult Blue Bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus)

“…The massive body of this animal can be attributed to the large skeleton of the antelope (Sathapathy et al, 2019i andSathapathy et al, 2019j). Further, the skeleton of the Blue bull comprises of large and massive bones of axial skeleton especially of skull and appendicular skeleton that not only protect the viscera, but also provides shape and support to the heavy musculature (Sathapathy et al, 2020a, Sathapathy et al, 2020b, Sathapathy et al, 2021aand Sathapathy et al, 2021b. The present study developed a baseline data on the sex wise morphometrical differences in the skull of adult Blue bull that would immensely help the wild life anatomists and Veterinarians in species identification and solving forensic and vetero-legal cases due to availability of scanty literature in this field.…”