Gross Olfaction Before and After Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass

Zerrweck, Carlos; Gallardo, Vannia Castañeda; Calleja, Carmen; Sepúlveda, Elisa; Guilber, Lizbeth

doi:10.1007/s11695-017-2733-3

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Two previous studies have tested for effects of gastric bypass on odour identification abilities but produced contrasting results. The former study observed significant improvements at 6‐month postsurgery, whereas the latter found no difference . Authors of the latter study therefore hypothesized that olfactory dysfunction was a cause rather than a consequence of obesity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of olfactory shifts related to obesity

et al. 2018

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Objective: The modern food environment is a key driver of rising levels of obesity.While olfaction is known to play a major role in food choice; however, its relationship to obesity is yet to be understood. This review assesses current knowledge of the interaction between obesity and olfaction.Methods: This review is based on observational studies comparing olfactory abilities across weight groups (N = 10) and clinical studies evaluating olfactory changes following bariatric surgery (N = 9). Meta-analyses were performed on data collected by a standard olfactory assessment tool (Sniffin΄ Sticks), to test whether olfaction has any association with body weight or bariatric surgery.Results: This review synthesizes findings derived from 38 datasets, with a total of 1432 individual olfactory assessments. The meta-analyses suggest that olfactory function is negatively correlated with body weight. In addition, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients frequently report olfactory changes, yet more pronounced and immediate shifts have been observed among sleeve gastrectomy recipients.Conclusions: Our review finds strong evidence for the link between olfaction and obesity and indicates that bariatric surgery (particularly the sleeve gastrectomy) is effective in reversing olfactory decline associated with obesity. In conclusion, we present mechanistic models to underpin the observed relationship between olfaction and obesity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of olfactory shifts related to obesity

et al. 2018

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“…More recently, Melis et al [ 22 ] observed improved smell identification scores following different bariatric procedures (including SG, RYGB or mini gastric by-pass). However, these results [ 6 , 21 , 22 ] are not strictly comparable with each other as they use different identification tests in their studies (cross cultural smell identification test, the pocket smell test, or S’S). The improvement in the olfactory threshold in our study may have been influenced by the low number of subjects included.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Although two previous studies confirmed an improvement in the total TDI score in patients undergoing SG [ 7 , 8 ], Holinski et al [ 7 ] observed that this was mainly due to an improvement in odor discrimination, while Hanci et al [ 8 ] found a significant improvement in all the three sub-test scores. Richardson et al [ 21 ] and Zerrweck et al [ 6 ] studied smell identification before and after gastric bypass but reached opposite conclusions. More recently, Melis et al [ 22 ] observed improved smell identification scores following different bariatric procedures (including SG, RYGB or mini gastric by-pass).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is well known that the weight loss observed following bariatric surgery is not only linked to a smaller food intake or to additional malabsorptive effects in RYGB, but instead to multiple and more complex mechanisms [4,5]. Current evidence confirms that patients undergoing bariatric surgery can show changes in their sense of taste and smell, appetite, and food preferences [6][7][8]. In a survey conducted on 154 patients, Zerrweck et al [9] found that taste and olfactory changes were present in a vast majority of patients who underwent bariatric surgery, regardless of the type of procedure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Olfactory and Gustatory Function before and after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy

et al. 2021

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Background and Objectives: Bariatric surgery is the gold standard for the treatment of morbid obesity, and current evidence suggests that patients undergoing surgery can show changes in their sense of taste and smell. However, no definitive conclusions can be drawn given the heterogeneity of the studies and the contrasting results reported in the literature. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 18 obese patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and 15 obese controls. At baseline (T0) and 6 months after enrollment/surgery (T1), both groups underwent Sniffin’ Sticks and whole mouth test. Post-operative qualitative taste variations were also analyzed and SNOT-22, VAS for taste and smell, and MMSE were administered. Results: An improvement in the olfactory threshold was observed in the treatment group (p = 0.03) at 6 months. At multivariate analysis, the olfactory threshold differences observed correlated with MMSE (p = 0.03) and T0 gustatory identification (p = 0.01). No changes in sense of taste were observed between the two groups at 6 months, even though nine subjects in the treatment group reported a worsening of taste. This negatively correlated with age (p < 0.001), but a positive marginal correlation was observed with the olfactory threshold difference between T0 and T1 (p = 0.06). Conclusions: Olfaction can improve after LSG, and this seems to be the consequence of an improved olfactory threshold. Although we did not observe any change in gustatory identification, food’s pleasantness worsened after bariatric surgery.

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“…In sheep, a strict nutritional intervention before mating had long-term benefits on offspring weight gain but deleterious effects on offspring stress response and glucose metabolism [35,36]. WL following bariatric surgery in humans [37,38,39], or diet reversal in rodents [5], showed mixed results on olfactory performance, suggesting that alterations to olfaction are difficult to reverse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Maternal Obesity and Preconceptional Weight Loss on Male and Female Offspring Metabolism and Olfactory Performance in Mice

et al. 2019

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According to the “developmental origins of health and disease” (DOHaD) concept, maternal obesity predisposes the offspring to non-communicable diseases in adulthood. While a preconceptional weight loss (WL) is recommended for obese women, its benefits on the offspring have been poorly addressed. We evaluated whether preconceptional WL was able to reverse the adverse effects of maternal obesity in a mouse model, exhibiting a modification of foetal growth and of the expression of genes encoding epigenetic modifiers in liver and placenta. We tracked metabolic and olfactory behavioural trajectories of offspring born to control, obese or WL mothers. After weaning, the offspring were either put on a control diet (CD) or a high-fat (HFD). After only few weeks of HFD, the offspring developed obesity, metabolic alterations and olfactory impairments, independently of maternal context. However, male offspring born to obese mother gained even more weight under HFD than their counterparts born to lean mothers. Preconceptional WL normalized the offspring metabolic phenotypes but had unexpected effects on olfactory performance: a reduction in olfactory sensitivity, along with a lack of fasting-induced, olfactory-based motivation. Our results confirm the benefits of maternal preconceptional WL for male offspring metabolic health but highlight some possible adverse outcomes on olfactory-based behaviours.

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Gross Olfaction Before and After Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass

Cited by 12 publications

References 42 publications

Systematic review of olfactory shifts related to obesity

Systematic review of olfactory shifts related to obesity

Olfactory and Gustatory Function before and after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy

Effect of Maternal Obesity and Preconceptional Weight Loss on Male and Female Offspring Metabolism and Olfactory Performance in Mice

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