Ground motion prediction in Beirut: a multi-step procedure coupling empirical Green’s functions, ground motion prediction equations and instrumental transfer functions

Brax, Marleine; Causse, Mathieu; Bard, Pierre‐Yves

doi:10.1007/s10518-016-0004-7

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This value for m b can be related to seismic yield in kt TNT equivalent of the explosion. According to Brax et al (2016) 37 the geological unit at the explosion site is comprised out of dolomite rocks and the region can be classified as International Building Code (IBC) class C (very dense soil and soft rock). Under these geological assumptions we use m b yield relations for wet hard rock 34 and for dry unconsolidated rock 7 to estimate a range of explosive yield of the explosions.…”

Section: Explosion Source Inversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield estimation of the 2020 Beirut explosion using open access waveform and remote sensing data

Pilger

Gaebler

Hupe

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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We report on a multi-technique analysis using publicly available data for investigating the huge, accidental explosion that struck the city of Beirut, Lebanon, on August 4, 2020. Its devastating shock wave led to thousands of injured with more than two hundred fatalities and caused immense damage to buildings and infrastructure. Our combined analysis of seismological, hydroacoustic, infrasonic and radar remote sensing data allows us to characterize the source as well as to estimate the explosive yield. The latter is determined within 0.13 to 2 kt TNT (kilotons of trinitrotoluene). This range is plausible given the reported 2.75 kt of ammonium nitrate as explosive source. As there are strict limitations for an on-site analysis of this catastrophic explosion, our presented approach based on data from open accessible global station networks and satellite missions is of high scientific and social relevance that furthermore is transferable to other explosions.

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Section: Explosion Source Inversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield estimation of the 2020 Beirut explosion using open access waveform and remote sensing data

Pilger

Gaebler

Hupe

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…In contrast, when deriving the SCEs and reducing them in Sections 5-7, reference only to IBC and EC8 will be given. The motivations of this choice are: (i) IBC is currently the reference code for the seismic design in USA, where UBC is not mandatory anymore; (ii) PS92 is an obsolete code in France, where EC8 is presently the reference code for the seismic design; (iii) EC8 is expected to be the only code which the Lebanese seismic design will be based on in the near future; (iv) almost all the Lebanese engineering schools refer to IBC and/or to EC8; (v) reference to IBC and EC8 is also typically used in the literature when dealing with Lebanese seismic design [19,20,37].…”

Section: Design Response Spectra For Lebanonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies dealt with this matter, see e.g., [13][14][15][16][17][18], and most codes provide rules and suggestions for this purpose. A recent paper proposed a site-specific estimation of strong ground motions in the Lebanese area [19], and also showed that the Lebanese norm may give unsafe amplification factors for short period structures. In [20], a probabilistic study of the Lebanese seismic hazard was performed to provide design requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Contribution to Facilitate the Seismic Design in Lebanon Using Short-Length Spectrum-Consistent Earthquakes

Gerges,

Porcu,

Vielma Pérez

2023

Applied Sciences

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Seismic regulations of developing countries are often grounded on rules of more experienced countries. The Lebanese regulations refer to four foreign codes, this excess of guidelines generating confusion and conflicting design choices. Moreover, the scarcity of earthquakes recorded in the Lebanese area makes it difficult to obtain suitable sets of spectrum-consistent accelerograms for dynamic analyses. Sorting through the reference regulations and the indications for their local application, this paper derives and compares all the design response spectra allowed by the Lebanese code. Consistent with the design response spectra of the two codes that are still in force (of the four referred to), some suites of spectrum-consistent accelerograms are derived. Based on the Arias intensity, a general procedure is also proposed to reduce the time duration of the accelerograms, while saving the earthquake energy content and, thus, the reliability of the results. Full-length and short-length spectrum-consistent accelerograms are thus made available for the Lebanese design. With reference to a two-dimensional model some comparisons between response-spectrum-based and earthquake-based analyses are provided, which showed that the Lebanese code allows different safety levels for earthquake-resistant buildings. The paper provides a very useful contribution to researchers and designers that are involved in the protection of the Lebanese building heritage from seismic hazards, and it also provides data and tools that can be more generally exploited in other seismic areas.

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Anatomy of sigma of a global predictive model for ground motions and response spectra

Cauzzi

Faccioli

2017

Bull Earthquake Eng

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Ground motion prediction in Beirut: a multi-step procedure coupling empirical Green’s functions, ground motion prediction equations and instrumental transfer functions

Abstract: International audienc

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Yield estimation of the 2020 Beirut explosion using open access waveform and remote sensing data

Yield estimation of the 2020 Beirut explosion using open access waveform and remote sensing data

A Contribution to Facilitate the Seismic Design in Lebanon Using Short-Length Spectrum-Consistent Earthquakes

Anatomy of sigma of a global predictive model for ground motions and response spectra

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