Groundnut Entered Post-genome Sequencing Era: Opportunities and Challenges in Translating Genomic Information from Genome to Field

Abstract

Cultivated groundnut or peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is an allopolyploid crop with a large complex genome and genetic barrier for exchanging genetic diversity from its wild relatives due to ploidy differences. Optimum genetic and genomic resources are key for accelerating the process for trait mapping and gene discovery and deploying diagnostic markers in genomics-assisted breeding. The better utilization of different aspects of peanut biology such as genetics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, metabolomics, and interactomics can be of great help to groundnut genetic improvement program across the globe. The availability of high-quality reference genome is core to all the "omics" approaches, and hence optimum genomic resources are a must for fully exploiting the potential of modern science into conventional breeding. In this context, groundnut is passing through a very critical and transformational phase by making available the required genetic and genomic resources such as reference genomes of progenitors, resequencing of diverse lines, transcriptome resources, germplasm diversity panel, and multi-parent genetic populations for conducting high-resolution trait mapping, identification of associated markers, and development of diagnostic markers for selected traits. Lastly, the available resources have been deployed in translating genomic information from genome to field by developing improved groundnut lines with enhanced resistance to rootknot nematode, rust, and late leaf spot and high oleic acid. In addition, the International Peanut Genome Initiative (IPGI) have made available the high-quality reference genome for cultivated tetraploid groundnut which will facilitate better utilization of genetic resources in groundnut improvement. In parallel, the development of highdensity genotyping platforms, such as Axiom_Arachis array with 58 K SNPs, and

Translational genomics for achieving higher genetic gains in groundnut

“…Groundnut is popularly known as poor man's almonds for its high nutritional content with fat and protein making up 80% of seeds contents and is therefore a key contributor in the fight against malnutrition. More importantly, groundnut is an important ingredient in hundreds of delicious preparations and commercial products (see Pandey et al 2012;Pandey and Varshney 2018). Groundnut is also a rotation crop which enriches soil fertility through nitrogen fixation and breaking disease and pest cycles.…”

Hypoallergen Peanut Lines Identified Through Large-Scale Phenotyping of Global Diversity Panel: Providing Hope Toward Addressing One of the Major Global Food Safety Concerns

“…Although there may be several cases of food allergy in India (Mahesh et al, 2016), however, not much information is available from India on peanut allergy. Keeping in mind the interdependence and trade among countries for producing raw material, processing, and consumption of peanut, such health-concerning features of the crop reduces its importance in international trade and commerce (Pandey et al, 2012; Pandey and Varshney 2018; Varshney et al, 2018;Varshney et al, 2019). Therefore, the countries producing the peanuts and peanut based product with the most safe, nutritious, and healthy features will get a competitive advantage over other producing countries.…”

Genetic Variability, Traits Association and Path Coefficient Analysis in Advanced Lines of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

“…Groundnut is widely known as poor man's almonds due to its high nutritional contents as well as fat and protein level, making up 80% of seeds contents. Furthermore, groundnut is also a vibrant ingredient in numerous delicious commercial products (Pandey et al, 2012;Pandey and Varshney, 2018). Besides, groundnut being a legume crop is an important candidate for crop rotation resulting soil enrichment and fertility via atmospheric nitrogen fixation and breaking pest and disease cycles (Pandey et al, 2020).…”