Groundnut pests and their control in the semi‐arid tropics

Wightman, J. A.; Amin, P. W.

doi:10.1080/09670878809371245

Cited by 43 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…are important in groundnut (Sharma and McDonald, 1990). Aphids ( Aphis craccivora Koch), several species of thrips ( Frankliniella schultzei , Thrips palmi , and F. fusca ), leaf miner ( Aproaerema modicella ), red hairy caterpillar ( Amsacta albistriga ), jassids ( Empoasca kerri and E. fabae ), and Spodoptera are the major insect pests in groundnut, among which aphids, thrips, and Spodoptera have worldwide distribution and cause serious damage (Wightman and Amin, 1988). In addition to causing yield losses, aphids and thrips are vectors of important virus diseases.…”

Section: Target Traits For Groundnut Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundnut improvement: use of genetic and genomic tools

Janila¹,

Nigam²,

Pandey³

et al. 2013

Front. Plant Sci.

179

135

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Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), a self-pollinated legume is an important crop cultivated in 24 million ha world over for extraction of edible oil and food uses. The kernels are rich in oil (48–50%) and protein (25–28%), and are source of several vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, biologically active polyphenols, flavonoids, and isoflavones. Improved varieties of groundnut with high yield potential were developed and released for cultivation world over. The improved varieties belong to different maturity durations and possess resistance to diseases, tolerance to drought, enhanced oil content, and improved quality traits for food uses. Conventional breeding procedures along with the tools for phenotyping were largely used in groundnut improvement programs. Mutations were used to induce variability and wide hybridization was attempted to tap variability from wild species. Low genetic variability has been a bottleneck for groundnut improvement. The vast potential of wild species, reservoir of new alleles remains under-utilized. Development of linkage maps of groundnut during the last decade was followed by identification of markers and quantitative trait loci for the target traits. Consequently, the last decade has witnessed the deployment of molecular breeding approaches to complement the ongoing groundnut improvement programs in USA, China, India, and Japan. The other potential advantages of molecular breeding are the feasibility to target multiple traits for improvement and provide tools to tap new alleles from wild species. The first groundnut variety developed through marker-assisted back-crossing is a root-knot nematode-resistant variety, NemaTAM in USA. The uptake of molecular breeding approaches in groundnut improvement programs by NARS partners in India and many African countries is slow or needs to be initiated in part due to inadequate infrastructure, high genotyping costs, and human capacities. Availability of draft genome sequence for diploid (AA and BB) and tetraploid, AABB genome species of Arachis in coming years is expected to bring low-cost genotyping to the groundnut community that will facilitate use of modern genetics and breeding approaches such as genome-wide association studies for trait mapping and genomic selection for crop improvement.

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Section: Target Traits For Groundnut Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundnut improvement: use of genetic and genomic tools

Janila¹,

Nigam²,

Pandey³

et al. 2013

Front. Plant Sci.

179

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The groundnut leaf miner (GLM), Aproaerema modicella (Deventer) (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) is a key pest of groundnut and soybean in South and Southeast Asia (Wightman & Amin, 1988). On groundnut in India, leaf miner populations typically complete four generations per season.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval parasitoids and pathogens of the groundnut leaf miner,Aproaerema modicella (Lep.: Gelechiidae), in India

Shanower

Wightman

Gutiérrez³

et al. 1992

Entomophaga

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Natural enemies of the groundnut leaf miner, Aproaerema modicella (Deventer), were studied at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) located near Hyderabad in peninsular India. Hymenopterous parasitoids attacking leaf miner larvae were the most important group of natural enemies. Nine primary and eight secondary parasitoids emerged from host larvae, and killed up to 50 % of the leaf miner larvae sampled. The trophic relationships between primary and secondary parasitoids are incompletely understood. The influence of pathogens of this species is reported for the first time. These pathogens killed up to 30 % of the leaf miner larvae. The combined effects of all mortality agents killed up to 95 % of the leaf miner larvae per sample period. However, use of insecticides in sprayed plots reduced the efficacy of parasitoids. The impact of predators on larval populations was not studied and may explain underestimates of leaf miner mortality rates.

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“…Of the several methods employed for pest management in peanut, host plant resistance is the most economic and relevant means of controlling S. litura under subsistence farming conditions in the semiarid tropics. Differences in genotypic susceptibility to S. litura have been reported by Wightman and Amin (1988) and Wightman et al (1990). Southeastern Runner 56-15 was reported to possess resistance to S. frugiperda (Hammons, 1970).…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

“…tinuous availability ofhost plant throughout the year due to extensive cultivation during the rainy and the postrainy season in contiguous areas (Wightman and Amin, 1988). Heavy infestation, early in the growing season, causes significant reduction in plant biomass and kernel yield (Panchabhavi and Nethradani Raj, 1987;Wightman et al, 1990).…”

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confidence: 98%

Technique to Screen Peanuts for Resistance to the Tobacco Armyworm, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Under No-Choice Cage Conditions

Sharma¹,

Pampapathy²,

Kumar³

2002

Peanut Science

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Peanut is an important oilseed crop in the semi-arid tropics. It is damaged by several insect species, of which tobacco armyworm, Spodoptera litura F., is one of the most damaging pests in South and Southeast Asia. Because of uncertainty of S. litura infestations under field conditions,we standardized a no-choice cage technique to screen germplasm and breeding material for resistance to this insect. The test plants were infested with different densities of first-and third-ins tar larvae at 15 dafter seedling emergence. Maximum differences in leafdamage rating and percentage lossin plant biomass at 7 dafter infestation between JL 24and ICGV 86031were observed when the plants were infested with 10 first-instar larvae perplant. When the plants were infestedwith third-instar larvae,damage evaluationat 48 hr after infestation showed the maximumdifferencesbetweenJL24 and ICGV 86031.Peanut Science (2002) 29:35-40 plant) and ICGV 86031 than on JL 24. Leaf damage rating was Significantly and positively correlated with larval weight and loss in plant biomass. Fifteen-d-old peanut seedlings infested with 10 first-or third-instar larvae can be used to evaluate peanut germplasm and segregating breeding material for resistance to leafdefoliators such as S. litura.

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Groundnut pests and their control in the semi‐arid tropics

Cited by 43 publications

References 22 publications

Groundnut improvement: use of genetic and genomic tools

Groundnut improvement: use of genetic and genomic tools

Larval parasitoids and pathogens of the groundnut leaf miner,Aproaerema modicella (Lep.: Gelechiidae), in India

Technique to Screen Peanuts for Resistance to the Tobacco Armyworm, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Under No-Choice Cage Conditions

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