Groundwater Evaluation and Management in Ain Sukhna, Egypt

Abstract

<jats:p>Ain Sukhna has become one of the most important economic areas in Egypt recently. As a result of this economic development, the demand for water has increased, with special emphasis on groundwater. Therefore, in this paper, several scenarios are assessed in order to reach the best scenario for groundwater management giving the opportunity to achieve the development needs of that region.Groundwater Modeling System (GMS) software is used to construct the solid model forsimulating the geometry of the aquifer layers. Then, a conceptual model is developed and calibrated in steady state case. The calibration results are satisfactory showing a good agreement between the calculated and observed heads. Finally, four scenarios are simulated with different pumping possibilities ranging from -25% to + 50% of the current pumping rates. The results show that it will be better if the current pumping rate is reduced by 25% which can make the drawdown values less than the other possibilities. It is also shown that the best recommended places to drill more wells can be in the east and south directions where the least drawdown values are found.</jats:p>

Groundwater Modeling for Seawater Intrusion Simulation in Coastal Aquifers in Ain Sukhna, Egypt

“…The normalized RMS was 10.83%, and the correlation factor between the calculated and observed groundwater salinity values was 0.95, as shown in Figure (9). Three contour salinity maps for the three aquifers in the dynamic state are represented in Figures (10), (11), and (12).…”

“…These methods are the Soil Conservation Service curve number (SCS) method, NRCS, [17], and Cronshey, [18], and the Water Balance method, Gomaa et al, [19]. The initial recharge rate from rainfall was 1.10 x10 -5 m/day and the flow rate values from the floods of wadis were 21.23, 32.82, 92.00, and 416.55 m 3 /day for wadis Hommath, Hagoul, Bada, and Ghweiba, respectively, EL-HAZEK et al, [12].…”