Groundwater flow with energy transport and water–ice phase change: Numerical simulations, benchmarks, and application to freezing in peat bogs

McKenzie, Jeffrey M.; Voss, Clifford I.; Siegel, Donald I.

doi:10.1016/j.advwatres.2006.08.008

Cited by 275 publications

(258 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, such regional-and global-scale projections are difficult to constrain by measurements of soil properties made at vastly smaller scales of observation. This scale gap between the governing fine-scale physical processes and large-scale simulations impedes direct model validation against measurements, which has motivated development of fine-to intermediate-scale hydrothermal models (e.g., Hinzman et al, 1998;Hansson et al, 2004;Daanen et al, 2007;Mckenzie et al, 2007;Painter, 2011;Karra et al, 2014;Endrizzi et al, 2014;Yi et al, 2014); for a review see Kurylyk and Watanabe (2013). Numerical experiments using high-resolution coupled hydrothermal models, which are calibrated against fine-scale measurements, can play a fundamental role in understanding the governing physical processes of ALT formation.…”

Section: A L Atchley Et Al: Inform Thermal Hydrology Models Of Permentioning

confidence: 99%

Using field observations to inform thermal hydrology models of permafrost dynamics with ATS (v0.83)

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Climate change is profoundly transforming the carbon-rich Arctic tundra landscape, potentially moving it from a carbon sink to a carbon source by increasing the thickness of soil that thaws on a seasonal basis. However, the modeling capability and precise parameterizations of the physical characteristics needed to estimate projected active layer thickness (ALT) are limited in Earth system models (ESMs). In particular, discrepancies in spatial scale between field measurements and Earth system models challenge validation and parameterization of hydrothermal models. A recently developed surface-subsurface model for permafrost thermal hydrology, the Advanced Terrestrial Simulator (ATS), is used in combination with field measurements to achieve the goals of constructing a process-rich model based on plausible parameters and to identify fine-scale controls of ALT in ice-wedge polygon tundra in Barrow, Alaska. An iterative model refinement procedure that cycles between borehole temperature and snow cover measurements and simulations functions to evaluate and parameterize different model processes necessary to simulate freeze-thaw processes and ALT formation. After model refinement and calibration, reasonable matches between simulated and measured soil temperatures are obtained, with the largest errors occurring during early summer above ice wedges (e.g., troughs). The results suggest that properly constructed and calibrated onedimensional thermal hydrology models have the potential to provide reasonable representation of the subsurface thermal response and can be used to infer model input parameters and process representations. The models for soil thermal conductivity and snow distribution were found to be the most sensitive process representations. However, information on lateral flow and snowpack evolution might be needed to constrain model representations of surface hydrology and snow depth.

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Section: A L Atchley Et Al: Inform Thermal Hydrology Models Of Permentioning

confidence: 99%

Using field observations to inform thermal hydrology models of permafrost dynamics with ATS (v0.83)

et al. 2015

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“…They accounted for water flow due to gravity, pressure gradient and temperature gradient, both for liquid and vapor phase. McKenzie et al (2007) proposed the freezing module of SUTRA for saturated conditions. Daanen et al (2007) developed a 3-D model of coupled energy and Richards equation to analyze the effects that lead to the formation of non-sorted circles, an example of a relatively stable patterned-ground system.…”

Section: Freezing-soil Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A robust and energy-conserving model of freezing variably-saturated soil

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Phenomena involving frozen soil or rock are important in many natural systems and, as a consequence, there is a great interest in the modeling of their behavior. Few models exist that describe this process for both saturated and unsaturated soil and in conditions of freezing and thawing, as the energy equation shows strongly non-linear characteristics and is often difficult to handle with normal methods of iterative integration. Therefore in this paper we propose a method for solving the energy equation in freezing soil. The solver is linked with the solution of Richards equation, and is able to approximate water movement in unsaturated soils and near the liquid-solid phase transition. A globallyconvergent Newton method has been implemented to achieve robust convergence of this scheme. The method is tested by comparison with an analytical solution to the Stefan problem and by comparison with experimental data derived from the literature.

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“…6a) where zone 1 is fully frozen with no unfrozen water; zone 2 is "mushy" with both ice and water; and zone 3 is fully thawed. The Lunardini (1985) solution as described by McKenzie et al (2007) is given by following set of equations: (Stallman, 1965) and coupled CA model steady state solutions for conductive and convective heat transfer. The soil column in this example is infinitely long, initially at 20 • C, and the upper surface is subjected to a sinusoidal temperature with amplitude of 5 • C and period of 24 h.…”

Section: Heat Transfer By Conduction and Convectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…by McKenzie et al (2007). Lunardini (1985) assumed the bulk-volumetric heat capacities of the three zones, and thermal conductivities in each zone, to be constant.…”

Section: Symbolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coupled cellular automata for frozen soil processes

Nagare

Bhattacharya

Khanna

et al. 2015

SOIL

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Abstract. Heat and water movement in variably saturated freezing soils is a strongly coupled phenomenon. The coupling is a result of the effects of sub-zero temperature on soil water potential, heat carried by water moving under pressure gradients, and dependency of soil thermal and hydraulic properties on soil water content. This study presents a one-dimensional cellular automata (direct solving) model to simulate coupled heat and water transport with phase change in variably saturated soils. The model is based on first-order mass and energy conservation principles. The water and energy fluxes are calculated using first-order empirical forms of Buckingham-Darcy's law and Fourier's heat law respectively. The liquid-ice phase change is handled by integrating along an experimentally determined soil freezing curve (unfrozen water content and temperature relationship) obviating the use of the apparent heat capacity term. This approach highlights a further subtle form of coupling in which heat carried by water perturbs the water content-temperature equilibrium and exchange energy flux is used to maintain the equilibrium rather than affect the temperature change. The model is successfully tested against analytical and experimental solutions. Setting up a highly non-linear coupled soil physics problem with a physically based approach provides intuitive insights into an otherwise complex phenomenon.

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Groundwater flow with energy transport and water–ice phase change: Numerical simulations, benchmarks, and application to freezing in peat bogs

Cited by 275 publications

References 24 publications

Using field observations to inform thermal hydrology models of permafrost dynamics with ATS (v0.83)

Using field observations to inform thermal hydrology models of permafrost dynamics with ATS (v0.83)

A robust and energy-conserving model of freezing variably-saturated soil

Coupled cellular automata for frozen soil processes

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