Groundwater Nitrate Contamination Integrated Modeling for Climate and Water Resources Scenarios: The Case of Lake Karla Over-Exploited Aquifer

Sidiropoulos, Pantelis; Tziatzios, Georgios; Vasiliades, Lampros; Mylopoulos, Nikitas; Λουκάς, Αθανάσιος

doi:10.3390/w11061201

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Mild but rainy winter seasons, and relatively warm and dry summer seasons, are the most common situations in the region, while extended periods of sunshine do occur throughout most of the year. The average temperature is about 17 • C, the mean annual relative humidity is about 67-72 percent, and the average annual precipitation is about 500-700 mm [49,50]. Most of the area is plain, with an altitude ranging from 45 to 65 m a.s.l.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the area is plain, with an altitude ranging from 45 to 65 m a.s.l. Cultivated crops in Lake Karla occupy an area of 375.000 km 2 [50]. advantage of VI values derived from ground spectroradiometer and test the prevailing accuracy of the ETrF-VI approach.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the area is plain, with an altitude ranging from 45 to 65 m a.s.l. Cultivated crops in Lake Karla occupy an area of 375.000 km 2 [50].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Hybrid Methodology for the Estimation of Crop Coefficients Based on Satellite Imagery and Ground-Based Measurements

Spiliotopoulos

Λουκάς

2019

Water

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The objective of the current study was the investigation of specific relationships between crop coefficients and vegetation indices (VI) computed at the water-limited environment of Lake Karla Watershed, Thessaly, in central Greece. A Mapping ET (evapotranspiration) at high Resolution and with Internalized Calibration (METRIC) model was used to derive crop coefficient values during the growing season of 2012. The proposed methodology was developed using medium resolution Landsat 7 ETM+ images and meteorological data from a local weather station. Cotton, sugar beets, and corn fields were utilized. During the same period, spectral signatures were obtained for each crop using the field spectroradiometer GER1500 (Spectra Vista Corporation, NY, U.S.A.). Relative spectral responses (RSR) were used for the filtering of the specific reflectance values giving the opportunity to match the spectral measurements with Landsat ETM+ bands. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index 2 (EVI2) were then computed, and empirical relationships were derived using linear regression analysis. NDVI, SAVI, and EVI2 were tested separately for each crop. The resulting equations explained those relationships with a very high R2 value (>0.86). These relationships have been validated against independent data. Validation using a new image file after the experimental period gives promising results, since the modeled image file is similar in appearance to the initial one, especially when a crop mask is applied. The CROPWAT model supports those results when using the new crop coefficients to estimate the related crop water requirements. The main benefit of the new approach is that the derived relationships are better adjusted to the crops. The described approach is also less time-consuming because there is no need for atmospheric correction when working with ground spectral measurements.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid Methodology for the Estimation of Crop Coefficients Based on Satellite Imagery and Ground-Based Measurements

Spiliotopoulos

Λουκάς

2019

Water

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“…As a result, soluble salts within irrigation waters may exceed critical thresholds. Moreover, leaching requirements may not be met by irrigation scheduling, and intrusion of seawater may occur due to overpumping of coastal aquifers [10][11][12]. Chemical desertification affects fertile agricultural land and it is usually localized in alluvial plains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Classification of Desertification Severity for Degraded Aquifer Based on Remotely Sensed Drought Assessment

et al. 2021

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Natural and anthropogenic causes jointly lead to land degradation and eventually to desertification, which occurs in arid, semiarid, and dry subhumid areas. Furthermore, extended drought periods may cause soil exposure and erosion, land degradation and, finally, desertification. Several climatic, geological, hydrological, physiographic, biological, as well as human factors contribute to desertification. This paper presents a methodological procedure for the quantitative classification of desertification severity over a watershed with degraded groundwater resources. It starts with drought assessment using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), based on gridded satellite-based precipitation data (taken from the CHIRPS database), then erosion potential is assessed through modeling. The groundwater levels are estimated with the use of a simulation model and the groundwater quality components of desertification, based on scattered data, are interpolated with the use of geostatistical tools. Finally, the combination of the desertification severity components leads to the final mapping of desertification severity classification.

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“…In many cases, the emphasis was on the control of the on-ground nitrogen loading from the different manageable sources in order to reduce the nitrate occurrence in the groundwater by reducing the nitrate leaching from the unsaturated zone [19,[21][22][23][24][25]. However, a subset of these studies had employed groundwater fate and transport models of nitrate in order to assess the adequacy and efficiency of the control/reduction of the magnitudes of the nitrogen sources on the nitrate levels in groundwater [21,[26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the Nitrogen Sources in the Eocene Aquifer Area (Palestine)

Almasri

Judeh

Shadeed

2020

Water

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Groundwater is the main source of water in many countries all over the world. Prevention of the pollution of this source is essential for a sustainable utilization. Nitrate pollution of groundwater is a common problem due to the association between intensive agriculture to achieve food security and fertilization. For an efficient management of groundwater pollution from nitrate, the first step would be to quantify the different sources of nitrogen in the aquifer of concern. This paper aims at demonstrating a general approach based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to characterize the spatial distribution of the nitrogen amounts in the area of the Eocene aquifer (Palestine). The aquifer is heavily utilized for agricultural and domestic water supply. Fertilization in the study area is a widespread practice. As a result, the aquifer is undergoing a nitrate pollution problem. The methodology relies mainly on specifying all the sources of nitrogen in the aquifer area using GIS to account for spatiality. Thereafter, GIS attribute tables and Excel spreadsheets were utilized to quantify the magnitudes of nitrogen from the different sources. Maps of the corresponding on-ground nitrate, ammonium, organic nitrogen and total nitrogen were developed for the study area. The results indicate that the total on-ground annual nitrogen loading in the study area is about 3260 tons of which 38% is attributed to fertilizers (chemical and manure) where the dominant form of nitrogen is NH4 (58.3%). The average total on-ground nitrogen loading is 7028 kg-N/km2·year. The estimated annual nitrate leaching to the aquifer is 1968 kg-N/km2. The areas of high sources of nitrogen have long-term impacts on the degradation of the water quality of the aquifer. It is therefore essential to build up on the outcomes of this work and to develop a nitrate fate and transport model for the Eocene aquifer. This model will enable the stakeholders to arrive at the efficient alternatives to manage the nitrate contamination of the aquifer.

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Groundwater Nitrate Contamination Integrated Modeling for Climate and Water Resources Scenarios: The Case of Lake Karla Over-Exploited Aquifer

Cited by 26 publications

References 53 publications

Hybrid Methodology for the Estimation of Crop Coefficients Based on Satellite Imagery and Ground-Based Measurements

Hybrid Methodology for the Estimation of Crop Coefficients Based on Satellite Imagery and Ground-Based Measurements

Quantitative Classification of Desertification Severity for Degraded Aquifer Based on Remotely Sensed Drought Assessment

Identification of the Nitrogen Sources in the Eocene Aquifer Area (Palestine)

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