Groundwater occurrence and flow patterns in the Ishiagu mining area of southeastern Nigeria

Ezekwe, Ifeanyichukwu Clinton; Odubo, E.; Chima, G. N.; Onwuchekwa, I. S.

doi:10.1007/s11707-011-0203-0

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The groundwater in the Ebocha-Obrikom oil and gas area was found to be 100% safe, with all samples falling within the maximum permitted 500 mg/L limit. Conversely, Ezekwe et al , (2012), Ukah et al , (2019) claims that subsurface waters remain often tougher than surface waters. While, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) on the other hand, refers to the various minerals that remain existent in water in dissolved form and is a pointer of water salinity as well as signifies dissolved salts in water, such as large calcium, chlorides, bicarbonates, phosphates, sulfates, carbonates, silica, potassium, magnesium and sodium (WHO, 2006; Morufu and Clinton, 2017; Raimi and Sabinus, 2017b; Olalekan et al , 2018b; Morufu et al , 2021a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The copyright holder for this this version posted November 11, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.06.21266005 doi: medRxiv preprint brain is mostly due to its capability to extra for calcium ions. Major toxicity of lead causing the brain prefrontal hippocampus, cerebellum and cerebral cortex can lead to a variability of neurological disorder, such as brain injury, psychological delay, behavior difficulties, nerve injury, and probably Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia (Ezekwe et al, 2012;Morufu and Clinton, 2017;Raimi and Sabinus, 2017b;Olalekan et al, 2018b;Olalekan et al, 2020a;Afolabi and Raimi, 2021;Morufu et al, 2021a). Copper is a reddish metal with a face-centered cubic crystalline structure (Morufu et al, 2021a).…”

Section: Fluoride Becomes Harmful To Health At Quantities Above/below This Recommendation Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, copper toxicity causes Wilson's disease in humans. Chromium is a naturally arising metal existing on the geological, by states corrosion ranging from chromium (Utom et al, 2013;Ezekwe et al, 2012;Egbueri, 2020;Adeyeye et al, 2021).…”

Section: Fluoride Becomes Harmful To Health At Quantities Above/below This Recommendation Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Many Oil Wells, One Evil: Potentially toxic metals concentration, seasonal variation and Human Health Risk Assessment in Drinking Water Quality in Ebocha-Obrikom Oil and Gas Area of Rivers State, Nigeria

Raimi¹,

Sawyerr

Ezekwe

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundOil and natural gas extraction have produced environmental pollution at levels that affect reproductive health of indigenous populations. Accordingly, polluted drinking water from physical, chemical and heavy metals can result in serious health problems, like anemia, kidney failure, immunosuppression, neurological impairments, gastrointestinal as well as respiratory irritation, skeletal system abnormalities, liver inflammation, liver cancer, cardiovascular diseases after chronic exposure and other cancer diseases with negative health effects. These diseases types remain associated to high amounts of heavy metal elements such as lead, chromium, zinc, copper, cadmium, manganese as well as nickel etc.ObjectivesCompare differences in water quality parameters in the study area (determine the level of pollutions in the different sites).MethodologyThe investigation made use of standard analytical procedures. All sampling, conservation, transportation and analysis followed standard procedures described in APHA (2012). To prevent degradation of the organic substances, all obtained samples were transferred to the laboratory, while keeping in an icebox.ResultsResult shows that during wet season, the mean values obtained for water quality parameters were significantly lower in site 9 compared with that obtained in other sites (p<0.05) with the exemptions of temperature, DO, BOD, COD, acidity, TH, TDS, K, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, NH3, NO2, NO3, Ni though slightly lower in most cases in site 9 were not significantly different (p>0.05) and both alkalinity and SO4 which were significantly higher in site 9 than site 1 (p<0.05). Result obtained during dry season reveals that there is no remarkable difference in pH, acidity, Pb and Ni between the nine sites (p>0.05) while other water quality parameters were significantly lower in site 9 than other sites excluding Cl and Mg which were both significantly higher in site 9 than site 8 (p<0.05).ConclusionTo guarantee quality groundwater supply for various purposes in Nigeria’s core Niger Delta region, extra efforts must be taken to fully understand hydrogeochemical features and its suitability. Thus, this study will aid in the development of a quantitative understanding of the effects of diverse causes on groundwater level fluctuations in any aquifer around the world. Also, this analysis reinforces a valuable resource for researchers, activists and public officials seeking to help enhance community awareness, planning and performance. The verdicts would remain a valuable guideline for policymakers, the Ministry of Water Resources and development practitioners, as this highlights the requirement for suitable approaches toward mitigating toxic element of water resources contamination in the core Niger Delta toward safeguarding health of the public from carcinogenic as well as non-carcinogenic risks.HIGHLIGHTSMany tropical countries are suffering from severe groundwater pollution. Governments at all levels are doing little or very little to provide clean and accessible water to citizens, especially in Nigeria’s Niger Delta region.This study aims to determine the level of pollutions in the different sites.Result depicts that during wet and dry season, the mean values obtained for water quality parameters were significantly lower in site 9 compared with that obtained in other sites.Result reveals that groundwater at location 3, 4 and 7 were heavily polluted during wet and dry season. Hence, an alliance is needed to address the rising global health emergency threat caused by groundwater pollution in Nigeria’s core Niger Delta region, which is threatening millions of people. The situation will only get worse and faster unless there is a coordinated response to the problem through a worldwide alliance of organizations capable of bringing meaningful change.The disease risk as well as illness to millions of individuals living in close proximity to gas flaring remain a cause for worry in its own right, the gases as well as toxins impact released into the atmosphere through continuously flaring gases has worldwide implications.Regarding the environmental and social conditions of the area, gas flaring significantly increases the health hazards, first through releasing dangerous pollutants directly into the atmosphere as well as through pollutants transfer to the food chain.Groundwater pollution has a financial cost that runs into billions of Naira, in addition to the human and environmental effect. Thus, there is need for tougher environmental regulations.At present, no coordinated action being taken, real change will only occur if governments as well as key stakeholder organizations form a global alliance toward addressing the issue. Starting with a strategy to finance well closure as well as relocation of sites that are most dangerous (location 3, 4 & 7) as soon as possible, as well as providing support through capital and experience is required. Even though the cost will remain substantial, it will provide an opportunity toward investing in the Niger Delta infrastructure as well as economy. Furthermore, the expense of closing the most dangerous groundwater open wells will be a drop in the bucket compared to the cost of the health consequences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fluoride Becomes Harmful To Health At Quantities Above/below This Recommendation Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Many Oil Wells, One Evil: Potentially toxic metals concentration, seasonal variation and Human Health Risk Assessment in Drinking Water Quality in Ebocha-Obrikom Oil and Gas Area of Rivers State, Nigeria

Raimi¹,

Sawyerr

Ezekwe

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The groundwater in the Ebocha-Obrikom oil and gas area was found to be 100% safe, with all samples falling within the maximum permitted 500 mg/l limit. Conversely, Ezekwe et al, [41] claims that subsurface waters remain often tougher than surface waters. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) refers to the various minerals that remain existent in water in dissolved form and is a pointer of water salinity as well as signifies dissolved salts in water [1,2,[12][13][14]42].…”

Section: Compare Differences In Water Quality Parameters In the Study...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hair loss, lung fibrosis, allergies of the skin, eczema, and various degrees of kidney and heart poisoning have been associated with humans exposed to high concentrations. Nickel also has the propensity of replacing iron and zinc in the body, thus interfering in the normal biochemistry [1,2,41,82,90]. Exposure to highly polluted water is likely to cause a number of clinical consequences in humans.…”

Section: Compare Differences In Water Quality Parameters In the Study...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicants in Water: Hydrochemical Appraisal of Toxic Metals Concentration and Seasonal Variation in Drinking Water Quality in Oil and Gas Field Area of Rivers State, Nigeria

Raimi¹,

Sawyerr²,

Ezekwe³

et al. 2022

Environmental Impact and Remediation of Heavy Metals

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Groundwater pollution is a major issue in many tropical countries. Governments at all levels are doing little or nothing to supply inhabitants with clean and accessible water, particularly in Nigeria’s Niger Delta region. This study compares differences in water quality parameters in the study area (determine the level of pollutions in the different sites). The investigation made use of standard analytical methodologies. All sampling, conservation, transportation as well as analysis followed the usual APHA procedures (2012). To prevent degradation of the organic substances, all obtained samples were transferred to the laboratory, while keeping in an icebox. Result shows that during wet season, the mean values obtained for water quality parameters were significantly lower in site 9 compared with that obtained in other sites (p < 0.05) with the exemptions of temperature, DO, BOD, COD, acidity, TH, TDS, K, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, NH3, NO2, NO3, Ni though slightly lower in most cases in site 9 were not significantly different (p > 0.05) and both alkalinity and SO4 which were significantly higher in site 9 than site 1 (p < 0.05). Result obtained during dry season reveals that there is no remarkable difference in pH, acidity, Pb and Ni between the nine sites (p > 0.05) while other water quality parameters were significantly lower in site 9 than other sites excluding Cl and Mg which were both significantly higher in site 9 than site 8 (p < 0.05). Extra efforts must be made to completely understand the hydrogeochemical properties and appropriateness of groundwater in Nigeria’s core Niger Delta region in order to ensure quality groundwater supply for varied applications. As a result, this research will contribute to the establishment of a quantitative understanding of the effects of many causes on groundwater level changes in every aquifer worldwide. This analysis also reinforces a useful resource for scholars, activists, and public officials looking to improve community awareness, planning, and performance. The verdicts will serve as a valuable guideline for policymakers, the Ministry of Water Resources, and development practitioners, as they highlight the need for appropriate approaches to mitigating toxic elements of water resource contamination in the core Niger Delta in order to protect public health from carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks.

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Environmental impact of quarrying on air quality in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Okafor,

Njoku,

Akwuebu

2023

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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The insatiable demand for rock supplies has enticed numerous building and construction enterprises to participate in stone quarrying. This paper examines the environmental impact of quarrying on air quality in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. To achieve the main aim of the study, an objective was set to detect air pollutants at the quarry sites. A total of 220 air samples were measured from six points around the quarry locations and recorded in situ for analysis. The samples were measured three times a day (morning, afternoon, and evening) for three days. Gas monitors were used to monitor air pollutants. The generated data were subjected to completely random design (CRD) sampling techniques. The separation of means and tests was performed using Fisher's Least Significant Difference (FLSD) at a significance probability level of 5%. Based on statistical analysis, the findings detected significantly higher concentration levels of particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorine, volatile organic compounds, ammonia, and hydrogen cyanide in the quarry areas than the value detected in the control area. The findings also confirmed higher noise levels in the locations. It was also observed that the concentration levels of the parameters differed from point to point and at different times of the day. This really means the occurrence of a high rate of air pollution in the study locations. Based on the above findings, it is highly recommended that air pollution control equipment be installed at quarry sites in order to reduce gaseous (pollutant) emissions.

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Groundwater occurrence and flow patterns in the Ishiagu mining area of southeastern Nigeria

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Many Oil Wells, One Evil: Potentially toxic metals concentration, seasonal variation and Human Health Risk Assessment in Drinking Water Quality in Ebocha-Obrikom Oil and Gas Area of Rivers State, Nigeria

Many Oil Wells, One Evil: Potentially toxic metals concentration, seasonal variation and Human Health Risk Assessment in Drinking Water Quality in Ebocha-Obrikom Oil and Gas Area of Rivers State, Nigeria

Toxicants in Water: Hydrochemical Appraisal of Toxic Metals Concentration and Seasonal Variation in Drinking Water Quality in Oil and Gas Field Area of Rivers State, Nigeria

Environmental impact of quarrying on air quality in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

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