Groundwater Quality for Drinking and Non-Carcinogenic Risk of Nitrate in Urban and Rural Areas of Fereidan, Iran

Amiri, Vahab; Sohrabi, Nassim; Li, Peiyue; Amiri, Fatemeh

doi:10.1007/s12403-022-00525-w

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…The molar ratios graph of Cl − /Na + vs. NO 3 − /Na + (Fig. 13a) serves as a widely recognized tool for evaluating the sources of nitrate in groundwater (Zhang et al 2023b;Amiri et al 2022). As depicted in Fig.…”

Section: Sources Nitratementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Water Quality, Mineralization Mechanisms, and Potential Health Risks of Nitrate Contamination in the Continental Intercalaire Aquifer of Reggane, Algeria

Bouselsal,

Satouh,

Egbueri

2024

Preprint

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In the Reggane arid region, the Continental Intercalaire (CI) aquifer plays a critical role as a water source, meeting daily water needs such as drinking, domestic use, and agricultural usage. This study assessed the hydrogeochemical characteristics influencing water mineralization, the overall quality of the groundwater in the CI aquifer for consumption and irrigation usage, and identifies possible chronic health risks for different age groups. To this end, groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for various physicochemical parameters. The assessment tools used include graphical plots, statistical analyses, groundwater pollution index (GPI), nitrate pollution index (NPI), health risk assessment (HRA) model, and irrigation water quality index (IWQI). GPI analysis reveals that 16%, 40%, and 44% of CI aquifer samples are classified with moderate, high, and extremely high pollution, respectively. The NPI method indicates that nitrate pollution levels fall into three categories: moderate (12%), significant (36%), and very significant (49%). HRA results showed that human health risks varied between 3.13 and 10.46 for children, 2.47 and 8.27 for teenagers, and 1.61 and 5.38 for adults, signifying an high risk that spanned all age demographics in the region. Regarding agricultural use, IWQI indicates that water from all studied wells is highly unsuitable for irrigation, potentially harming both soils and plant growth. Hydrochemical analysis by Piper diagram suggested a water type evolution from Na-Cl upstream to Ca-Mg-Cl downstream. Other analytical tools, like Gibbs diagrams, scatter plots, chloro-alkaline indices, saturation indices and multivariate statistical tools, indicated that the hydrochemistry is mainly influenced by interactions with aquifer materials, notably silicate weathering, halite and gypsum dissolution, and cation exchange processes. The study also revealed that the presence of nitrates is primarily attributable to domestic effluents from residential areas.

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Section: Sources Nitratementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Water Quality, Mineralization Mechanisms, and Potential Health Risks of Nitrate Contamination in the Continental Intercalaire Aquifer of Reggane, Algeria

Bouselsal,

Satouh,

Egbueri

2024

Preprint

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“…Two main exposure pathways are taken into account while evaluating human health risks from drinking water, according to the US Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA, 1989). The two significant mechanisms are exposure via dermal contact and exposure via ingestion or oral route (Rahman et al, 2021;Amiri et al, 2022). In this study, three groups of exposed individuals-men, women, and children-were taken into account when assessing the health risks of three selected elements (nitrate, chloride and fluoride).…”

Section: Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14, 15, and its value denotes non-carcinogenic human health risks. A HI value larger than one indicates a potential human health danger from nitrate contamination, while HI value less than one indicates a tolerable level of human health risk (Amiri et al, 2020;Rahman et al, 2021;Amiri et al, 2022).…”

Section: Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Irrigation suitability and health risk assessment of groundwater resources in the Firozabad industrial area of north-central India: An integrated indexical, statistical, and geospatial approach

Saraswat

Nath

Omeka

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The recent global upsurge in anthropogenic activities has resulted in a decline in the quality of water. This by extension has resulted in increased ubiquity of water pollution in terms of sources. The application of traditional water quality assessment methods usually involves the use of conventional water quality parameters and guideline values. This may be associated with bias and errors during the computation of various sub-indices. Hence, to overcome this limitation, it is critical to have a visual appraisal of the water quality in terms of source and human health risks exposure for sustainable water resource management and informed decision-making. Therefore, the present study has integrated multiple water quality assessment indices, spatio-temporal, and statistical models to assess the suitability of fifty groundwater samples (n = 50) within the Firozabad industrial area for irrigation and drinking; as well as the likely health risks from oral intake and dermal contact by inhabitants. Electrical conductivity (mean = 1,576.6 μs/cm), total hardness (mean = 230.9 mg/L), dissolved sodium (mean = 305.1 mg/L) chloride (mean = 306.1 mg/L) and fluoride (mean = 1.52 mg/L) occurred in the water at concentrations above the recommended standards; attributed influxes from agricultural and industrial wastewater. The pollution index of groundwater and water quality index revealed that 100% of the groundwater samples are extremely polluted; this was also supported by the joint multivariate statistical analyses. The majority of the irrigational water quality indices (sodium adsorption ratio, Kelly’s Ratio, permeability index, percent sodium) revealed that the long-term use of the groundwater for irrigation in the area will result in reduced crop yield unless remedial measures are put in place. Higher Hazard index (HI > 1) for nitrate and fluoride ingestion was recorded in water for the children population compared to adult; an indication that the children population is more predisposed to health risks from the oral intake of water. Generally, risk levels from ingestion appear to increase in the western and north-eastern parts of the study area. From the findings of this study, it is highly recommended that adequate agricultural practices, land use, and water treatment regulatory strategies be put in place for water quality sustainability for enhanced agricultural production and human health protection.

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“…By defining the link between groundwater contamination and human health using the toxicity data of the pollutants, the primary goal of health risk assessment is to determine the possible human risk level and provide recommendations for the prevention and control of pollution. This technique has been used frequently to evaluate potential negative health effects brought on by exposure of humans to polluted water 2,[30][31][32][33][34][35] . Nitrate contamination of groundwater has a detrimental effect on human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-criterion approach for assessment of hydrochemical characteristics and human health risk of groundwater in Khartoum State, Sudan

Mohammed

Eltijani

Szabó

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Recently, groundwater has been recognized as one of the primary sources of water supply in Sudan. However, groundwater quality continues to deteriorate due to natural and human-induced activities. This research employed groundwater quality index (GWQI), multivariate statistical methods and human health risk assessment to investigate the suitability of groundwater for domestic uses in northern Khartoum state, Sudan. The groundwater samples were analyzed for eleven physiochemical parameters, including pH, EC, TDS, TH, Cl-, SO4-2, NO3-, Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, HCO3- and the primary investigation indicated the deviation of these parameters from World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The hydrochemical analysis revealed different groundwater facies with the dominance of Ca-Mg-HCO3 water type. Consequently, the groundwater samples were classified, based on GWQI, into three categories as 76.4 % of the samples fall in the excellent water class, 17.6 % are projected in the good water class, and 5.9 % of groundwater samples are considered unsuitable for human consumption. The multivariate statistical methods, including Pearson's correlation analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and principal component analyses (PCA), were applied to determine groundwater quality data's structure and the primary factors influencing groundwater quality. These techniques revealed that groundwater in the study area is mainly controlled by rock-water interaction and agricultural practice. Additionally, they were used to categorize groundwater samples based on their chemical content. As a result, three types of groundwater were identified low, medium, and highly mineralized. In the final stage, the non-carcinogenic human health risk was assessed based on the concentration of NO3- and the obtained hazard quotient for children indicated that 64.7 % of groundwater samples are beyond the permissible limit (1<) and the use of these samples may result in health consequences. As a result, remedial measures are suggested for the sustainable use of groundwater.

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Groundwater Quality for Drinking and Non-Carcinogenic Risk of Nitrate in Urban and Rural Areas of Fereidan, Iran

Cited by 27 publications

References 112 publications

Evaluating Water Quality, Mineralization Mechanisms, and Potential Health Risks of Nitrate Contamination in the Continental Intercalaire Aquifer of Reggane, Algeria

Evaluating Water Quality, Mineralization Mechanisms, and Potential Health Risks of Nitrate Contamination in the Continental Intercalaire Aquifer of Reggane, Algeria

Irrigation suitability and health risk assessment of groundwater resources in the Firozabad industrial area of north-central India: An integrated indexical, statistical, and geospatial approach

Multi-criterion approach for assessment of hydrochemical characteristics and human health risk of groundwater in Khartoum State, Sudan

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