Group 1 innate lymphoid-cell-derived interferon-γ maintains anti-viral vigilance in the mucosal epithelium

Shannon, James A.; Vrba, Sophia M.; Reynoso, Glennys V.; Wynne-Jones, Erica; Kamenyeva, Olena; Malo, Courtney S.; Cherry, Christian R.; McManus, Daniel; Hickman, Heather D.

doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2020.12.004

Cited by 34 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The needle is then used to poke the skin of vaccinees 15 times. Note: While we have inoculated mice using a dipped needle, we most commonly inoculate mice by placing a small drop of virus in the lip and gently poking 5–10 pokes through the drop of virus with a bifurcated needle (see ( Shannon et al., 2021 ) for viral titers over time with this inoculum of virus). Viral titers can be increased or decreased with more or fewer pokes.…”

Section: Step-by-step Methods Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gating for different cell populations will depend on the experiment and the desired cell populations. It can also be used for standard intracellular cytokine/protein staining as described for the transcription factor Eomes in ( Shannon et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Step-by-step Methods Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inoculation of the labial mucosa with a bifurcated needle results in viral replication and priming of an adaptive antiviral response that can be imaged using intravital microscopy. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Shannon et al. (2021) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Shannon et al. (2021) .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Protocol for analyzing and visualizing antiviral immune responses after acute infection of the murine oral mucosa

et al. 2021

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Summary The oral mucosa is an important site for virus infection and transmission, yet few animal models exist to examine the virology, pathology, and immunology of acute oral mucosal viral infection. Here, we provide a protocol for infecting and imaging the inner lip (labial mucosa) of mice with the poxvirus vaccinia virus (VACV). Inoculation of the labial mucosa with a bifurcated needle results in viral replication and priming of an adaptive antiviral response that can be imaged using intravital microscopy. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Shannon et al. (2021) .

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Section: Step-by-step Methods Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Step-by-step Methods Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Shannon et al. (2021) .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Protocol for analyzing and visualizing antiviral immune responses after acute infection of the murine oral mucosa

et al. 2021

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“…Similarly, VACV infection of the oral mucosa begins as small, isolated groupings of infected cells before spreading to larger areas of the mucosal epithelium. 34 For VACV, IVM imaging of virus-driven fluorescence faithfully reports viral titers (but this should be confirmed for each recombinant virus and different viral system). Thus, viral fluorescence can serve as a quick measure of the impact of different perturbations of either the virus or host on viral replication.…”

Section: Imaging Viral Spread After Initial Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging viral infection in vivo to gain unique perspectives on cellular antiviral immunity*

Vrba

Hickman

2021

Immunological Reviews

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The past decade has seen near continual global public health crises caused by emerging viral infections. Extraordinary increases in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying successful antiviral immune responses in animal models and during human infection have accompanied these viral outbreaks. Keeping pace with the rapidly advancing field of viral immunology, innovations in microscopy have afforded a previously unseen view of viral infection occurring in real-time in living animals. Here, we review the contribution of intravital imaging to our understanding of cell-mediated immune responses to viral infections, with a particular focus on studies that visualize the antiviral effector cells responding to infection as well as virus-infected cells.We discuss methods to visualize viral infection in vivo using intravital microscopy (IVM) and significant findings arising through the application of IVM to viral infection. Collectively, these works underscore the importance of developing a comprehensive spatial understanding of the relationships between immune effectors and virus-infected cells and how this has enabled unique discoveries about virus/host interactions and antiviral effector cell biology.

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ILC1: Development, maturation, and transcriptional regulation

Taggenbrock

Gisbergen

2022

Eur J Immunol

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Type 1 Innate Lymphoid cells (ILC1s) are tissue-resident cells that partake in the regulation of inflammation and homeostasis. A major feature of ILC1s is their ability to rapidly respond after infections. The effector repertoire of ILC1s includes the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α and cytotoxic mediators such as granzymes, which enable ILC1s to establish immune responses and to directly kill target cells. Recent advances in the characterization of ILC1s have considerably furthered our understanding of ILC1 development and maintenance in tissues. In particular, it has become clear how ILC1s operate independently from conventional natural killer cells, with which they share many characteristics. In this review, we discuss recent developments with regards to the differentiation, polarization, and effector maturation of ILC1s. These processes may underlie the observed heterogeneity in ILC1 populations within and between different tissues. Next, we highlight transcriptional programs that control each of the separate steps in the differentiation of ILC1s. These transcriptional programs are shared with other tissue-resident type-1 lymphocytes, such as tissue-resident memory T cells (T RM ) and invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT), highlighting that ILC1s utilize networks of transcriptional regulation that are conserved between lymphocyte lineages to respond effectively to tissue-invading pathogens.

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Group 1 innate lymphoid-cell-derived interferon-γ maintains anti-viral vigilance in the mucosal epithelium

Cited by 34 publications

References 62 publications

Protocol for analyzing and visualizing antiviral immune responses after acute infection of the murine oral mucosa

Protocol for analyzing and visualizing antiviral immune responses after acute infection of the murine oral mucosa

Imaging viral infection in vivo to gain unique perspectives on cellular antiviral immunity*

ILC1: Development, maturation, and transcriptional regulation

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