Group 2 innate lymphoid cells mediate the activation of CD4+ T cells and aggravate Th1/Th2 imbalance via MHC II molecules during respiratory syncytial virus infection

Kang, Longdan; Wang, Si; Wang, Dalu; Wang, Jia; Zheng, Rui; Jiang, Xiaofeng; Liu, Beixing

doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109306

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Activated Th cells are classified into two subgroups, Th1 and Th2, based on the different cytokines they secrete. Th1 primarily secretes anti-inflammatory cytokines such as -interferon and IL-2, while Th2 mainly secretes proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, which can induce the proliferation and differentiation of B lymphocytes[ 25 ]. If the immunoregulation of the body becomes imbalanced, it manifests as a decrease in Th1 cells and an increase in Th2 cells, resulting in a shift from Th1 to Th2 dominance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of budesonide/formoterol inhalation powder in treating viral pneumonia in children

Lin,

Xu,

Yang

et al. 2024

World J Clin Cases

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BACKGROUND Respiratory viruses are increasingly detected in children with community-acquired pneumonia. Further strategies to limit antibiotic use in children with viral pneumonia are warranted. AIM To explore clinical efficacy of budesonide/formoterol inhalation powder for viral pneumonia in children and its impact on cellular immunity and inflammatory factor production. METHODS A total of 60 children with viral pneumonia were recruited: 30 receiving budesonide/formoterol inhalation powder and 30 conventional symptomatic treatment. Outcome measures included peripheral blood levels of inflammatory cytokines, CD4+, CD8+, Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg, clinical efficacy, and incidence of adverse reactions. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the observation group showed a significant reduction in interleukin-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels after treatment. Compared with the control group, the observation group showed a significant increase in CD4+/CD8+ and Th1/Th2 levels, and a decrease in Th17/Treg levels after treatment. The total effective rates in the observation group and the control group were 93.75% and 85.00%, respectively, which was a significant difference (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Budesonide/formoterol inhalation powder significantly improved therapeutic efficacy for viral pneumonia in children. The mechanism of action may be related to downregulation of the inflammatory response and improved cellular immune function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of budesonide/formoterol inhalation powder in treating viral pneumonia in children

Lin,

Xu,

Yang

et al. 2024

World J Clin Cases

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“…Twenty-four genes involved in four important signaling pathways were selected to study the efect of PHB on the transcription of immune-related genes in the gill based on the comparative transcriptome analysis of spleen from PHB and control groups (RNA-seq data was deposited in NCBI under accession numbers SRR12596365/66/67/68/69/ 70). Te diferentially expressed genes (DEGs) were annotated into these four signaling pathways mainly, and these signaling pathways play a key role in the body's resistance to external infection [63][64][65][66][67][68]. Te JAK/STAT signaling mediates a variety of innate immune processes, including activation of neutrophils and macrophages, regulation of infammatory responses, and wound repair [69,70].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T1 and T2 cell diferentiation, modulating CD4 + T cells, play an indispensable role in virus-induced infammation [71,72]. Te imbalance of T1/T2 cells may be a key factor for the progression and severity of virus-related diseases, such as respiratory syncytial virus [67,73,74]. Tryptophan metabolism can modulate immunologic tolerance in primitive vertebrate lamprey via IDO-kynurenine-AHR pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary PHB Supplementation Strengthens the Gill Immune Barrier and Disease Resistance of Carassius auratus gibelio against CyHV-2 Early Infection

Qiao

Zhang

et al. 2023

Aquaculture Research

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Gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) is an important economic fish species in China, but its development is seriously restricted by the crucian carp hematopoietic organ necrosis caused by Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2). Gill is the key portal for CyHV-2 primary invasion, and the gill immune barrier is the first defense line against infection. Our previous studies showed that dietary poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) supplementation can enhance the disease resistance of gibel carps against CyHV-2 infection, and antioxidants play an important role against this infection. However, the effect of PHB supplementation on the gill immune barrier and primary proliferation of CyHV-2 in the gill is unclear. Herein, results showed that (1) PHB supplementation significantly increased the activities of SOD, GST, and other antioxidant-related enzymes in the gill and gill mucus; (2) PHB significantly upregulated the transcription of genes involved in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, tryptophan metabolism, and MAPK signaling pathway; (3) PHB effectively reduced the cumulative mortality of fish post-CyHV-2 infection; (4) PHB significantly inhibited primary CyHV-2 proliferation in the gill; (5) at the early stage (6 hpi) of CyHV-2 infection, the transcription of IFN-γ, IFN-γR, TNF-α, JUN, TCR-β, IL-4R, STAT1, and AhR in the gill was significantly upregulated by 14.15-folds, 6.55-folds, 9.32-folds, 6.77-folds, 9.84-folds, 5.55-folds, 9.11-folds and 13.06-folds, respectively; and (6) during the late stages (96 hpi and 168 hpi) of infection, some genes in the kidney and intestine were continuously upregulated. In conclusion, PHB can improve the antioxidant capacity of the gill, enhance the immune response, and inhibit the viral proliferation in the gill at the early infection stage. It is of great significance for us to develop novel prevention strategies to control CyHV-2 infection, considering immuno-modulation of the primary invasion organ, the gill, and host antioxidation.

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“…These findings suggest that pulmonary ILC2s may serve as antigen-presenting cells, utilizing the MHC II pathway to activate CD4+ T cells during RSV infection. Additionally, reducing the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes may help mitigate airway inflammation caused by RSV infection [88].…”

Section: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (Rsv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Lymphoid Cells and Their Role in the Immune Response to Infections

Fol,

Karpik,

Zablotni

et al. 2024

Cells

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Over the past decade, a group of lymphocyte-like cells called innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) has gained considerable attention due to their crucial role in regulating immunity and tissue homeostasis. ILCs, lacking antigen-specific receptors, are a group of functionally differentiated effector cells that act as tissue-resident sentinels against infections. Numerous studies have elucidated the characteristics of ILC subgroups, but the mechanisms controlling protective or pathological responses to pathogens still need to be better understood. This review summarizes the functions of ILCs in the immunology of infections caused by different intracellular and extracellular pathogens and discusses their possible therapeutic potential.

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Group 2 innate lymphoid cells mediate the activation of CD4+ T cells and aggravate Th1/Th2 imbalance via MHC II molecules during respiratory syncytial virus infection

Cited by 3 publications

References 40 publications

Efficacy of budesonide/formoterol inhalation powder in treating viral pneumonia in children

Efficacy of budesonide/formoterol inhalation powder in treating viral pneumonia in children

Dietary PHB Supplementation Strengthens the Gill Immune Barrier and Disease Resistance of Carassius auratus gibelio against CyHV-2 Early Infection

Innate Lymphoid Cells and Their Role in the Immune Response to Infections

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