Group A<i>Streptococcus</i>

Dietrich, M; Steele, Russell W.

doi:10.1542/pir.2017-0207

Cited by 26 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…It should be noted that most of current researches only focus on throat or skin infections, but few studies have reported whether gastrointestinal tract is also infected by Streptococcus spp. in these patients [ 30 ]. Our study firstly proposed that the gastrointestinal tracts of adult patients with HSPN who had no history of respiratory tract infection, were infected by Streptococcus spp., and postulated that the relative abundance of Streptococcus spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal dysbiosis featuring abundance of Streptococcus associates with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (IgA vasculitis with nephritis) in adult

et al. 2022

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Background The pathogenesis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) is closely associated with mucosal infection. But whether intestinal microbiota dysbiosis plays a role in it is not clear. Methods A total of 52 participants including 26 HSPN patients and 26 healthy controls were included. By using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, the intestinal microbiota composition between HSPN and healthy controls was compared. The diagnostic potency was evaluated by Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) with area under curves (AUC). Meanwhile, correlation analysis was also performed. Results The lower community richness and diversity of fecal microbiota was displayed in HSPN patients and the structure of gut microbiota was remarkedly different. A genus-level comparison indicated a significant increase in the proportions of g-Bacteroides, g-Escherichia–Shigella and g-Streptococcus, and a marked reduction of g-Prevotella_9 in HSPN patients, suggesting that the overrepresentation of potential pathogens and reduction of profitable strains were the main feature of the dysbiosis. The differential taxonomic abundance might make sense for distinguishing HSPN from healthy controls, with AUC of 0.86. The relative abundance of the differential bacteria was also concerned with clinical indices. Among them, Streptococcus spp. was positively associated with the severity of HSPN (P < 0.050). It was found that HSPN patients with higher level of Streptococcus spp. were more likely to suffering from hematuria and hypoalbuminemia (P < 0.050). Conclusions The dysbiosis of gut microbiota was obvious in HSPN patients, and the intestinal mucosal streptococcal infection was distinctive, which was closely related to its severity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal dysbiosis featuring abundance of Streptococcus associates with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (IgA vasculitis with nephritis) in adult

et al. 2022

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“…The age distribution of perianitis mirrors that of streptococcal impetigo but markedly differs from that of streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis, which is more common in children 5 to 15 years of age [66]. Like tonsillopharyngitis, perianitis peaks during winter months with frequent recurrences in countries with a temperate climate [66]. The true incidence of perianitis is currently unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Perianal streptococcal disease in childhood: systematic literature review

et al. 2021

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Group A Streptococcus has been associated with a perianal infection. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on childhood streptococcal perianitis in three databases: Excerpta Medica, National Library of Medicine, and Web of Science. The main purposes were to document the clinical features, the tendency to recur, the association with an asymptomatic streptococcal throat carriage, the accuracy of rapid streptococcal tests, and the mechanism possibly underlying the acquisition of this infection. More than 80% of cases are boys ≤7.0 years of age with defecation disorders, perianal pain, local itch, rectal bleeding, or fissure and a sharply demarcated perianal redness. Perianitis is associated with a streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis in about every fifth case. The time to diagnosis is ≥3 weeks in 65% of cases. Recurrences occur within 3½ months in about 20% of cases. An asymptomatic group A streptococcal throat carriage occurs in 63% of cases. As compared with perianal Streptococcus A culture, the rapid streptococcal tests have a positive predictive value of 80% and a negative predictive value of 96%. It is hypothesized that digital inoculation from nasopharynx to anus underlies perianitis. Many cases are likely caused directly by children, who are throat and nasal carriers of Streptococcus A. Some cases might occur in children, who have their bottoms wiped by caregivers with streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis or carriage of Streptococcus.Conclusion: Perianitis is an infection with a distinctive presentation and a rather long time to diagnosis. There is a need for a wider awareness of this condition among healthcare professionals. What is Known:• Group A Streptococcus may cause perianitis in childhood.• Systemic antimicrobials (penicillin V, amoxycillin, or cefuroxime) are superior to topical treatment. What is New:• The clinical presentation is distinctive (defecation disorders, perianal pain, local itch, rectal bleeding, or fissure and a sharply demarcated perianal redness).• The time to diagnosis is usually ≥3 weeks.Recurrences occur in about 20% of cases.

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“…One such study in Wisconsin, demonstrated azithromycin resistance in 15% of isolates. 2 This places emphasis on penicillin being the drug of choice until and unless the patient has penicillin allergy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Annually around 1.78 million new cases are added. 2 Innumerable numbers of people suffer from less severe forms of illnesses caused by GAS, which overburden the health expenditure of the state. The majority of these infections are commonly seen in lower socioeconomic strata, who depend on the government sector for their health needs in India.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcal Infections in Children: An Update

Wari¹,

Dandinavar²,

Amoghimath³

et al. 2019

Pediatric Infectious Disease

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Streptococcus is the general term for a diverse group of gram-positive cocci that appear in chains or pairs. The most prevalent of the human streptococcal pathogens are the Lancefield group A Streptococcus (GAS). This review article provides an update on group A streptococcal infections with key highlights on classification, presentation, the latest diagnostic criteria, management protocols, and complications. Background: Group A Streptococcus is involved in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of pathologic conditions varying from noninvasive infections such as pharyngitis, erysipelas, scarlet fever, and cellulitis to invasive diseases, such as bacterial sepsis, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, and necrotizing fasciitis. It is also linked with nonsuppurative and postinfectious immunological sequelae, such as acute rheumatic fever (ARF), poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) and pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with Streptococcus pyogenes (PANDAS). Globally around 18 million people suffer from GAS-related illnesses. Conclusion: Group A streptococcal infections have a high prevalence and morbidity across the globe, especially in developing countries. Children older than 3 years have a higher risk of such complications necessitating need for proper diagnosis and treatment.

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Group AStreptococcus

Cited by 26 publications

References 59 publications

Intestinal dysbiosis featuring abundance of Streptococcus associates with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (IgA vasculitis with nephritis) in adult

Intestinal dysbiosis featuring abundance of Streptococcus associates with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (IgA vasculitis with nephritis) in adult

Perianal streptococcal disease in childhood: systematic literature review

Streptococcal Infections in Children: An Update

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