Growing Pains: A Rare Case of a Temporal Dermoid Cyst in an Adult and Review of the Literature

Abstract

Dermoid cysts are common cutaneous developmental anomalies that occur due to the entrapment of ectodermal elements during embryonic closure. While the exact origin of dermoid cysts is unknown, they are theorized to originate from multipotent embryonic stem cells or translocated epithelial cells. Dermoid cysts are typically congenital but are sometimes diagnosed later in childhood and rarely in adulthood. They are reported as the most common pediatric skull tumors. Surgical excision is recommended to prevent enlargement, invasion, rupture, or infection. Temporal dermoid cysts, specifically, are extremely rare, with only a few cases having been reported in adulthood. We present a case of a 51-year old female with an enlarging left temporal mass found to be a dermoid cyst. The mass was excised, resulting in complete resolution of symptoms. This case highlights the importance of early excision, radiologic studies, and a tailored management approach based on cyst location. Our proposed treatment algorithm provides guidance for clinicians in identification and management of adult dermoid cysts.