Growth and Maturation in Development: A Fly’s Perspective

Delanoue, Rénald; Romero, Nuria

doi:10.3390/ijms21041260

Cited by 11 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…In insects, regenerating imaginal discs produce a factor, identified as Drosophila insulin-like peptide 8 (Dilp8) in D. melanogaster, that delays metamorphosis by lowering ecdysteroid synthesis by the prothoracic gland (PG) (64,(68)(69)(70). Dilp8 also delays molting by activating Lgr3 neurons in the brain, which inhibit PTTH synthesis in PTTH neurons (71)(72)(73)(74).…”

Section: Leucine-rich Repeat Receptor and Insulin-like Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The LAF pro signaling pathway has not been fully characterized, but parallels with the action of Dilp8 on the insect PG suggest a common mechanism. Dilp8 is one of eight insulin-like peptides (ILPs) in D. melanogaster (74)(75)(76)(77)(78). The ILP superfamily consists of insulin, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and relaxin-like peptides (38,71).…”

Section: Leucine-rich Repeat Receptor and Insulin-like Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In insects, ILPs are among the many factors that coordinate organismal growth and organ size and determine the timing of molting and metamorphosis (74,78,98,(102)(103)(104)(105). A target of ILPs is the PG.…”

Section: Insulin-like Peptide Receptor Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ILP superfamily consists of insulin, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and relaxin-like peptides ( 38 , 71 ). Dilp 1 to 6 are in the insulin/IGF clade and bind to receptor tyrosine kinase receptors; Dilp 7 and 8 are in the relaxin-like clade and bind to leucine-rich repeat GPCRs ( 71 , 74 , 75 ). LAF pro is a peptide that is distinct from MIH.…”

Section: G Protein-coupled Receptor-mediated Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Signaling Pathways That Regulate the Crustacean Molting Gland

Mykles

2021

Front. Endocrinol.

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A pair of Y-organs (YOs) are the molting glands of decapod crustaceans. They synthesize and secrete steroid molting hormones (ecdysteroids) and their activity is controlled by external and internal signals. The YO transitions through four physiological states over the molt cycle, which are mediated by molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH; basal state), mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1; activated state), Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ)/Activin (committed state), and ecdysteroid (repressed state) signaling pathways. MIH, produced in the eyestalk X-organ/sinus gland complex, inhibits the synthesis of ecdysteroids. A model for MIH signaling is organized into a cAMP/Ca2+-dependent triggering phase and a nitric oxide/cGMP-dependent summation phase, which maintains the YO in the basal state during intermolt. A reduction in MIH release triggers YO activation, which requires mTORC1-dependent protein synthesis, followed by mTORC1-dependent gene expression. TGFβ/Activin signaling is required for YO commitment in mid-premolt. The YO transcriptome has 878 unique contigs assigned to 23 KEGG signaling pathways, 478 of which are differentially expressed over the molt cycle. Ninety-nine contigs encode G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), 65 of which bind a variety of neuropeptides and biogenic amines. Among these are putative receptors for MIH/crustacean hyperglycemic hormone neuropeptides, corazonin, relaxin, serotonin, octopamine, dopamine, allatostatins, Bursicon, ecdysis-triggering hormone (ETH), CCHamide, FMRFamide, and proctolin. Contigs encoding receptor tyrosine kinase insulin-like receptor, epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor and ligands EGF and FGF suggest that the YO is positively regulated by insulin-like peptides and growth factors. Future research should focus on the interactions of signaling pathways that integrate physiological status with environmental cues for molt control.

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Section: Leucine-rich Repeat Receptor and Insulin-like Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Leucine-rich Repeat Receptor and Insulin-like Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Insulin-like Peptide Receptor Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: G Protein-coupled Receptor-mediated Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Signaling Pathways That Regulate the Crustacean Molting Gland

Mykles

2021

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…The most important body size increase prevails during third larval instar. This spectacular growth is concluded when a critical weight is reached, which mobilizes hormonal signals such as PTTH, ecdysone, juvenile hormone, and insulin-like peptides [6][7][8][9]. As a consequence, larvae must eat a lot during this third instar to gain weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth regulation by amino acid transporters in Drosophila larvae

Manière

Alves

Berthelot-Grosjean

et al. 2020

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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Drosophila larvae need to adapt their metabolism to reach a critical body size to pupate. This process needs food resources and has to be tightly adjusted to control metamorphosis timing and adult size. Nutrients such as amino acids either directly present in the food or obtained via protein digestion play key regulatory roles in controlling metabolism and growth. Amino acids act especially on two organs, the fat body and the brain, to control larval growth, body size developmental timing and pupariation. The expression of specific amino acid transporters in fat body cells, and in the brain through specific neurons and glial cells is essential to activate downstream molecular signaling pathways in response to amino acid levels. In this review, we highlight some of these specific networks dependent on amino acid diet to control DILP levels, and by consequence larval metabolism and growth.

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Characterization of sleep‐related neurochemicals at different developmental stages and insomnia models of Drosophila melanogaster

Sun

Liu

et al. 2022

Biomedical Chromatography

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Neurotransmitters play an important role in regulating the physiological activity of the animal, especially in emotion and sleep, whereas nucleotides are involved in almost all cellular processes. However, the characteristics of sleep-related neurochemicals under different life cycles and environments remain poorly understood. A rapid and sensitive analytical method was established with LC-MS/MS to determine eight endogenous neurochemicals in Drosophila melanogaster, and their levels in the different developmental stages of D. melanogaster were evaluated. The results indicated that there were significant discrepancies among different stages, especially from the pupal stage to the adult stage. The levels of these compounds in the caffeine-induced insomnia model of D. melanogaster were investigated. Compared with the normal group, the eight endogenous metabolites did not fluctuate significantly in insomnia D. melanogaster, which may be due to the mechanism of caffeineinduced insomnia through other pathways, such as adenosine. The results provide a reference for decoding neurochemicals involved in the development of the full cycle of mammalian life and the exploration of insomnia and even other mental diseases induced by exogenous substances in the future.

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Growth and Maturation in Development: A Fly’s Perspective

Cited by 11 publications

References 87 publications

Signaling Pathways That Regulate the Crustacean Molting Gland

Signaling Pathways That Regulate the Crustacean Molting Gland

Growth regulation by amino acid transporters in Drosophila larvae

Characterization of sleep‐related neurochemicals at different developmental stages and insomnia models of Drosophila melanogaster

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