Growth and nutrient uptake by Schoenoplectus californicus (C.A. Méyer) Sójak in a constructed wetland fed with swine slurry

Abstract

Schoenoplectus californicus (C.A. Meyer), Soják is one of the plants most used to treat wastewater in a constructed wetland. Our objective is to study the growth and nutrient uptake of Schoenoplectus californicus Cyperaceae in a constructed wetland fed with swine slurry. The methodology used to evaluate the growth of the Schoenoplectus californicus Cyperaceae was to evaluate the allometric, relative abundance and biomass of the plants in the period 2009 -2010.The results show that Schoenoplectus californicus had allometric growth between 31.2 to 98.4 and relative abundance between 21 to 108 individuals m -2 , during the fall and spring seasons, respectively. These results are influenced by the nitrogen content (between 0.05 to 2.0 kg N ha) present in the constructed wetland. In this same period, the increase in Schoenoplectus californicus biomass (~28%) is related to a decrease in nitrogen loading between 2.0 to 0.05 kg N ha -1 d -1 . Aboveground biomass was greater (500 to 724 g m -2 ) than belowground biomass (4.8 to 22.7 g m -2). Due to nutrient translocation in spring-summer, the N:P ratio aboveground ranged from 9 to 16, while belowground the ratio varied from 7 to 10.

Nitrogen and phosphorus distribution in a constructed wetland fed with treated swine slurry from an anaerobic lagoon

“…[18,19] Meanwhile, to end 2011 and mid 2012, it had hydraulic loading rates between 1.7 and 9.1 mm d ¡1 from rainfall. [20] The wetland system in the last period (spring 2011 to fall 2012) had nutrient loads about 3,381 kg N ha ¡1 and 1,061 kg P ha ¡1 from taken up of swine slurries by the aboveground vegetal tissue none pruned, soil and remained loads from early 2011.…”

“…[18,19] However, in the last period (spring 2011, fall 2012) the CW operated with an annual load of 2,845 kg N ha ¡1 and 597 kg P ha ¡1 from aboveground unpruned plant tissue (700 kg N ha ¡1 , 10 kg P ha ¡1 ), soil (140 kg N ha ¡1 , < 40 kg P ha ¡1 ) and remaining intermittent loads (2,000 kg N ha ¡1 , 550 kg P ha ¡1 ) of the operation from mid-2011. Under these conditions, nitrogen and phosphorus decreased longitudinally in the CW to average percentages of 54% and 37%, respectively.…”

Phragmites australis and Schoenoplectus californicus in constructed wetlands: Development and nutrient uptake

“…The sampled plants were evaluated with measurements: height (from the base to the apex) and relative abundance (stem m -2 ), with a PVC quadrant of 1 m 2 (Neubauer et al, 2012). In addition, above and belowground biomass were determined and a proximate analysis was made.…”

“…and bulrush (Schoenoplectus spp. ), due to their tolerance to substantial changes in pH (4-10), salinity mg Cl -L -1 ), temperature (10-32 ºC) and nutrient assimilation (7300-20075 g N m -2. d -1 , 1095-5475150 g P m -2. d -1 ) (Wallace and Knight, 2006;Vymazal, 2011;Neubauer et al, 2012).…”

“…Sch is an annual or perennial plant with triangular stems up to 3 m tall and roots that penetrate down to 70-80 cm (Vymazal, 2011). The foliar biomass production of Schoenoplectus ranges between 350-2000 g DW m -2 (Malecki-Brown et al, 2010;Neubauer et al 2012). Neubahuer et al (2012 found that Sch foliar biomass contained from a treatment plant that serves a rural community of 20,000 inhabitants.…”