Growth of cowpea plants inoculated with Rhizobium in a saline-sodic soil after application of gypsum

Abstract

-Two experiments were carried out with the aim of evaluating the growth of cowpea cultivated in saline-sodic soils corrected with gypsum: one experiment in the laboratory, to identify the best level of gypsum for the correction of the saline-sodic soils of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil; and the other in a greenhouse, after correction of the soils. As the test plant, the cowpea cultivar pele de moça, inoculated with Rhizobium strain BR3267 was used. The experiments were arranged in a randomised block design in a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement, two soils and five levels of the gypsum requirement (GR), equivalent to 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250% of the GR of the soil, as determined by the Schoonover M-1 method, with five replications. The following were evaluated: electrical conductivity of the soil saturation extract (EC), soil exchangeable sodium and percentage of soil exchangeable sodium (ESP), number of nodules (NN), nodule dry weight (NDW), shoot dry weight (SDW), shoot height (PH) and nitrogen concentration (N) in the shoots. Application of 100% of the GR, followed by the enough water for leaching, was effective for the correction of soil sodicity. The application of increasing levels of soil GR resulted in an increase in the number of nodules, dry weight of the nodules and shoots, and the height and levels of N absorbed by the plants in soil S2. In soil S1, the use of levels of 200 and 250% of soil the GR caused a decrease in all the variables under study.Key words: Vigna unguiculata L.. Exchangeable sodium. Gypsum requirement.RESUMO -Com o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento do feijão-caupi, cultivado em solos salino-sódicos corrigidos com gesso, realizou-se dois experimentos: um em laboratório, para identificar o melhor nível de gesso para a correção de solos salino-sódico de Pernambuco. E outro em casa de vegetação, depois da correção dos solos, utilizando como planta teste o feijão-caupi, cultivar pele de moça, inoculada com Rizóbio, estirpe BR3267. Os experimentos foram dispostos no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com arranjo fatorial 2 x 5, dois solos e cinco níveis da necessidade de gesso (NG), equivalentes a 50; 100; 150; 200 e 250% da NG do solo, determinado pelo método Schoonover M-1, com cinco repetições. Foram avaliados: condutividade elétrica do extrato de saturação do solo (CE), sódio trocável e percentagem de sódio trocável (PST) do solo, número de nódulos (NN), massa seca dos nódulos (MSN), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), altura da parte aérea (APA) e teores de nitrogênio (N) na parte aérea. A aplicação do nível de 100% da NG, seguida de lâmina de lixiviação, foi eficaz para correção da sodicidade dos solos. A aplicação de níveis crescentes da NG do solo resultou em incremento no número de nódulos, massa seca dos nódulos e da parte aérea, altura e teor de N absorvido pelas plantas no solo S2. A utilização dos níveis de 200 e 250% da NG no solo S1 ocasionou decréscimo em todas variáveis estudadas. Palavras-chaves:Vigna unguiculata L.. Sódio trocável. Necessidade de gesso. *Autor para...

Cow manure compost‐based products as alternative rhizobial carrier materials

“…As previously reported, Ca could stimulate the growth of the rhizobia and S played a central role in the metabolism of many microbes (Norris, 1959; Tao et al, 2018). These results were consistent with other reported works on the effectiveness of rhizobial inoculation improved by gypsum addition on nitrogen fixation and plant growth (Fontenele et al, 2014; Stamford et al, 2003). The plants needed a high level of Ca 2+ in order to produce a profusion number of nodules.…”

Use of Maize Straw or Animal Manure as an Alternative to Gypsum to Ameliorate Saline-Sodic Soils

“…Table 3. Mean values of grain size composition, soil density and particle size of a fluvic entisol affected by salts 15 2.5 Turbidity-uT 5 1.78 Electrical conductivity -µS/cm a 25º C *** 68 pH 6.0 to 9.5 These results indicate that the use of low-cost organic inputs available on farms can satisfactorily contribute to the recovery of soils affected by salts, but the combination with gypsum may result in an even higher infiltration rate [24,25]. The use of gypsum together with an organic matter source has shown good results both for crops and for the process of improving the physical-water conditions [26,27,28].…”

“…While gypsum provides improvements in soil chemical characteristics, the regeneration potential of organic fertilizers has been attributed in literature as an important factor in the stability of soil aggregates, improving water permeability [15].…”

Growth and yield response of cowpea to multiaction bioinoculants

“…The lowest number was observed in T 1 (11.80). The increase in nodule number with Rhizobium treatment was due to their multiplication in the roots to form nodules (Fontenele et al, 2014). P. bilaii indirectly enhances the nodule number by providing more P available to the plants.…”