Growth performance, fillet quality and immunity after challenge with streptococcus agalactiae of red tilapia ( oreochromis sp .) fed diet containing cysteamine and creatine

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of creatine and cysteamine supplementation on the growth performance, fillet quality and resistance to bacterial infection of Streptococcus agalactiae in red tilapia. Five types of experimental diet (quadruplicate) with the same energy and protein content were tested. These consist of N (negative control), A (0.5 g/kg cysteamine), B (0.4 g/kg creatine), C (0.5 g/kg cysteamine plus 0.4 g/kg creatine) and D (0.25 g/kg cysteamine plus 0.2 g/kg creatine). Male red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.), with average body weight of 49.51 ± 4.90 g, were kept in 175‐L tank at 10 fish/tank density for 56 days rearing period. The challenge test was carried out through injecting fish (body weight: 152.05 ± 12.2 g) with S. agalactiae 107 CFU/ml as much as 0.10 ml/fish. The results showed that treatment C (0.5 g/kg cysteamine plus 0.4 g/kg creatine) increased (p < 0.05) levels of protein retention, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) of the liver (p < 0.05), but decreased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and liver glycogen (p < 0.05). This last condition was followed by a decrease (p < 0.05) in plasma protein levels that resulted in a decline (p < 0.05) of water content and MDA of fillet after stored for 24 h. In addition, treatment C increased fish resistance to S. agalactiae infection, demonstrated by higher survival rate and lysozyme activity (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the treatment C boosts protein retention, fillet quality and robustness to pathogenic bacterial infections.

Evaluation of Selenoprotein Supplementation on Digestibility, Growth, and Health Performance of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

“…GPx, via the reduced glutathione (GSH) pathway, can reduce hydrogen peroxide and fatty acid hydroperoxides in the cytosol and mitochondria to water and alcohol [ 18 , 44 ]. Selenium can also increase the number of SOD enzymes in the animal body by reducing the amount of superoxide anion if the amount is excessive due to oxidative stress [ 7 , 8 , 36 , 45 ]. The amount of ROS that is not excessive plays a critical role in the signalling process of many cells, whereas an excessive amount can damage important biological molecules of the body, including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids [ 9 , 46 ].…”

“…Then, Wang et al [ 47 ] reported that THC and AL of juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis decreased under nitrite stress at 2 mg L −1 but increased with increasing selenium doses (0.5–1 mg Se kg feed −1 ). Lysozyme is one of the key defense components against pathogens and oxidative stress due to the lack of an adaptive immune system in crustaceans [ 62 ] and fish [ 7 , 8 ]. Lysozyme activity is a crucial indicator of innate immunity because it can act as antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory [ 63 ].…”

“…The high concentration of aquaculture waste can cause oxidative stress in whiteleg shrimp by increasing the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 5 ]. ROS, including superoxide anions (O 2 − ), hydroxyl radicals (OH − ), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), are by-products of aerobic metabolism [ 6 ] produced during disease challenge and oxidative deamination [ 7 , 8 ]. Superoxide anion is the first by-product of oxidative stress and will be produced continuously by aerobic metabolism; it can damage vital biological molecules in the body [ 9 ].…”

Creatine: A valuable supplement in aquafeeds?

“…119,120 Creatine along with carbohydrates improves muscle creatine retention compared to creatine alone. 72 Furthermore, creatine stimulates insulin secretion, 29,127 increases muscle glycogen stores (see above) and ameliorates hyperglycaemia. In addition, exercise induces numerous metabolic benefits, including insulin-independent muscle glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity.…”

Cysteamine improves growth and the GH/IGF axis in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata): in vivo and in vitro approaches

“…CSH has been supplemented in cell media for mammalian oocyte maturation (39), but the effects of CSH on muscle cells is still unknown. CSH has been proposed as a growth promoter additive in animal nutrition, including sheep, chicken, yak and pig (38,40,41) and recently, also in different fish species, such as in red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (42)(43)(44). However, there is not a consensus about the underlying mechanisms and the optimal inclusion dose, due to its association with several negative effects on growth, hormonal regulation, oxidative stress and welfare (27,(44)(45)(46).…”