GSK3 regulates VRN1 to control flowering time in wheat

The key to wide geographical distribution of wheat is its high adaptability. One of the most commonly used methods for studying adaptation is the investigation of transition between the vegetative-generative phase and the subsequent intensive stem elongation process. These processes are largely determined by changes in ambient temperature, the diurnal and annual periodicity of day length, and the composition of light spectrum. Many genes are involved in the perception of external environmental signals, forming a complex network of interconnections that are then integrated by a few integrator genes. This hierarchical cascade system ensures the precise occurrence of the developmental stages that enable maximum productivity. This review presents the interrelationship of molecular-genetic pathways (earliness per se, circadian/photoperiod length, vernalization – cold requirement, phytohormonal – gibberellic acid, light perception, ambient temperature perception and aging – miRNA) responsible for environmental adaptation in wheat. Detailed molecular genetic mapping of wheat adaptability will allow breeders to incorporate new alleles that will create varieties best adapted to local environmental conditions.

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TaGSK3 regulates wheat development and stress adaptation through BR‐dependent and BR‐independent pathways

Guo,

Zhang,

Sun

et al. 2024

Plant Cell & Environment

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The GSK3/SHAGGY‐like kinase plays critical roles in plant development and response to stress, but its specific function remains largely unknown in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, we investigated the function of TaGSK3, a GSK3/SHAGGY‐like kinase, in wheat development and response to stress. Our findings demonstrated that TaGSK3 mutants had significant effects on wheat seedling development and brassinosteroid (BR) signalling. Quadruple and quintuple mutants showed amplified BR signalling, promoting seedling development, while a sextuple mutant displayed severe developmental defects but still responded to exogenous BR signals, indicating redundancy and non‐BR‐related functions of TaGSK3. A gain‐of‐function mutation in TaGSK3‐3D disrupted BR signalling, resulting in compact and dwarf plant architecture. Notably, this mutation conferred significant drought and heat stress resistance of wheat, and enhanced heat tolerance independent of BR signalling, unlike knock‐down mutants. Further research revealed that this mutation maintains a higher relative water content by regulating stomatal‐mediated water loss and maintains a lower ROS level to reduces cell damage, enabling better growth under stress. Our study provides comprehensive insights into the role of TaGSK3 in wheat development, stress response, and BR signal transduction, offering potential for modifying TaGSK3 to improve agronomic traits and enhance stress resistance in wheat.

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GSK3 regulates VRN1 to control flowering time in wheat

Abstract: GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3 physically interacts with VRN1 and regulates its accumulation to mediate flowering in wheat.

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Identification and functional analysis of a chromosome 2D fragment harboring TaFPF1 gene with the potential for yield improvement using a late heading wheat mutant

Identification and functional analysis of a chromosome 2D fragment harboring TaFPF1 gene with the potential for yield improvement using a late heading wheat mutant

Molecular genetic regulation of the vegetative–generative transition in wheat from an environmental perspective

TaGSK3 regulates wheat development and stress adaptation through BR‐dependent and BR‐independent pathways

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