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Preservation of the fund of local breeds of agricultural animals, which are breeding material for the creation of new ones and the improvement of existing ones, meets the requirements of the FAO - the protection of biological diversity. The study of the genetic structure of cows of the local Lebedyn breed, which was bred in Ukraine, with the use of cytogenetic and molecular genetic methods, is aimed at establishing information about the structure of the gene pool of these animals and the uniqueness of their genotype. Cytogenetic monitoring showed that the modal number of chromosomes corresponded to the species norm and was 2n=60, no constitutional abnormalities in the form of Robertsonian translocations were detected, the average frequency of genomic disorders (aneuploidy) was 10,2±2,10%, polyploidy was not manifested. structural disorders (chromosomal breaks) accounted for 3,1±1,88% and asynchronous separation of the centromeric regions of chromosomes – 0,8±0,10%. The average share of cytogenetic parameters of cells was determined: lymphocytes with micronucleus – 3,6±0,61‰, binucleus lymphocytes – 4,3±0,97‰ and mitotic index – 3,7±1,20‰. An analysis of the genetic structure of the local, small-numbered Lebedyn cattle breed of Ukraine was carried out using 8 ISSR-systems. All 8 microsatellite primers showed high efficiency. ISSR labeling revealed 88 amplified DNA fragments, of which only 18 were polymorphic. The total share of polymorphic loci was 25,45%. 11 species-specific loci for (ACC)6G, 5 loci for (CTC)6C, 10 for (GAG)6C, 7 for (GA)6CC, 10 for (AG)8CG, 9 for (AG)8CA, 13 for (GA)9C and 14 for (AG)9C. It was established that the studied animals were characterized by karyotype stability, reduced sensitivity to mutagenic factors of various nature, absence of inbreeding depression and reproductive isolation.
Preservation of the fund of local breeds of agricultural animals, which are breeding material for the creation of new ones and the improvement of existing ones, meets the requirements of the FAO - the protection of biological diversity. The study of the genetic structure of cows of the local Lebedyn breed, which was bred in Ukraine, with the use of cytogenetic and molecular genetic methods, is aimed at establishing information about the structure of the gene pool of these animals and the uniqueness of their genotype. Cytogenetic monitoring showed that the modal number of chromosomes corresponded to the species norm and was 2n=60, no constitutional abnormalities in the form of Robertsonian translocations were detected, the average frequency of genomic disorders (aneuploidy) was 10,2±2,10%, polyploidy was not manifested. structural disorders (chromosomal breaks) accounted for 3,1±1,88% and asynchronous separation of the centromeric regions of chromosomes – 0,8±0,10%. The average share of cytogenetic parameters of cells was determined: lymphocytes with micronucleus – 3,6±0,61‰, binucleus lymphocytes – 4,3±0,97‰ and mitotic index – 3,7±1,20‰. An analysis of the genetic structure of the local, small-numbered Lebedyn cattle breed of Ukraine was carried out using 8 ISSR-systems. All 8 microsatellite primers showed high efficiency. ISSR labeling revealed 88 amplified DNA fragments, of which only 18 were polymorphic. The total share of polymorphic loci was 25,45%. 11 species-specific loci for (ACC)6G, 5 loci for (CTC)6C, 10 for (GAG)6C, 7 for (GA)6CC, 10 for (AG)8CG, 9 for (AG)8CA, 13 for (GA)9C and 14 for (AG)9C. It was established that the studied animals were characterized by karyotype stability, reduced sensitivity to mutagenic factors of various nature, absence of inbreeding depression and reproductive isolation.
The establishment and utilization of preclinical animal models constitute a pivotal aspect across all facets of cancer research, indispensably contributing to the comprehension of disease initiation and progression mechanisms, as well as facilitating the development of innovative anti-cancer therapeutic approaches. These models have emerged as crucial bridges between basic and clinical research, offering multifaceted support to clinical investigations. This study initially focuses on the importance and benefits of establishing preclinical animal models, discussing the different types of preclinical animal models and recent advancements in cancer research. It then delves into cancer treatment, studying the characteristics of different stages of tumor development and the development of anti-cancer drugs. By integrating tumor hallmarks and preclinical research, we elaborate on the path of anti-cancer drug development and provide guidance on personalized cancer therapy strategies, including synthetic lethality approaches and novel drugs widely adopted in the field. Ultimately, we summarize a strategic framework for selecting preclinical safety experiments, tailored to experimental modalities and preclinical animal species, and present an outlook on the prospects and challenges associated with preclinical animal models. These models undoubtedly offer new avenues for cancer research, encompassing drug development and personalized anti-cancer protocols. Nevertheless, the road ahead continues to be lengthy and fraught with obstacles. Hence, we encourage researchers to persist in harnessing advanced technologies to refine preclinical animal models, thereby empowering these emerging paradigms to positively impact cancer patient outcomes.
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