Guided waves on sinusoidally-modulated reactance surfaces

Oliner, A.A.; Hessel, A.

doi:10.1109/tap.1959.1144771

Cited by 370 publications

(241 citation statements)

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“…The guided-wave metasurface provides for arbitrary wave forms, and (as will be shown in this work) can achieve beam forming with discontinuously varying elements (such as the on/off configuration). Consequently, both the method and the structure, in our opinion, are quite distinct from the analytical theory presented in [18] and the later physical implementations. Similarly, in [25], the resulting structure is a waveguide-fed, discrete realization of the continuous impedance surface in [18] realized using a series of slots with varying slot width.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The presented technique differs from previous methodologies used to design metasurface antennas in that we make use of a polarizable particle based approach rather than the conventional modulated surface impedance technique. As an example, [18] concerns the study of guided waves on a sinusoidally modulated reactive surface, and is a rigorous, self-consistent, quasi-analytic solution to a specific problem. The surface impedance is a continuous function in [18], so that there is no reduction to implementation in this work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an example, [18] concerns the study of guided waves on a sinusoidally modulated reactive surface, and is a rigorous, self-consistent, quasi-analytic solution to a specific problem. The surface impedance is a continuous function in [18], so that there is no reduction to implementation in this work. That reduction to realizable structures occurred later [17,19,20] in the context of launching a surface mode that would then radiate as a collimated beam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of a Waveguide-Fed Metasurface Antenna

et al. 2017

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The metasurface concept has emerged as an advantageous reconfigurable antenna architecture for beam forming and wavefront shaping, with applications that include satellite and terrestrial communications, radar, imaging, and wireless power transfer. The metasurface antenna consists of an array of metamaterial elements distributed over an electrically large structure, each subwavelength in dimension and with subwavelength separation between elements. In the antenna configuration we consider here, the metasurface is excited by the fields from an attached waveguide. Each metamaterial element can be modeled as a polarizable dipole that couples the waveguide mode to radiation modes. Distinct from the phased array and electronically scanned antenna (ESA) architectures, a dynamic metasurface antenna does not require active phase shifters and amplifiers, but rather achieves reconfigurability by shifting the resonance frequency of each individual metamaterial element. Here we derive the basic properties of a one-dimensional waveguide-fed metasurface antenna in the approximation that the metamaterial elements do not perturb the waveguide mode and are non-interacting. We derive analytical approximations for the array factors of the 1D antenna, including the effective polarizabilities needed for amplitude-only, phase-only, and binary constraints. Using full-wave numerical simulations, we confirm the analysis, modeling waveguides with slots or complementary metamaterial elements patterned into one of the surfaces.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of a Waveguide-Fed Metasurface Antenna

et al. 2017

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“…All these works are based on the propagation properties of waves over a sinusoidally modulated impedance [13]. By choosing an appropriate modulated surface impedance, it is possible to control the propagation of SW along a surface or to obtain the transition from SW to leaky wave (LW) modes in order to realize antennas [16], [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The properties of these surfaces are described in terms of tensorial or scalar surface impedances (analogous to the constitutive parameters for volumetric metamaterials). Metasurfaces [9], orbital angular momentum communication [10] or transformation optics [11]-[12].All these works are based on the propagation properties of waves over a sinusoidally modulated impedance [13]. By choosing an appropriate modulated surface impedance, it is possible to control the propagation of SW along a surface or to obtain the transition from SW to leaky wave (LW) modes in order to realize antennas [16], [17].…”

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confidence: 99%

Implementation of Radiating Aperture Field Distribution Using Tensorial Metasurfaces

Teniou

Roussel

Capet

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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Abstract-This paper deals with the design of tensorial modulated metasurfaces able to implement a general radiating aperture field distribution. A new aperture synthesis approach is introduced, based on local holography and variable impedance modulation. In particular, it is shown that tensorial metasurfaces can be used to generate general radiating distribution (phase and amplitude). In addition, a step by step algorithm is presented. In order to validate the method, several solutions are presented at 20 GHz which implement aperture distributions able to radiate different beams with general polarization.Index Terms-Metasurface antenna, leaky-waves, periodic surface, surface-waves. I. INTRODUCTIONn recent years, metamaterials have become an appealing subject of research. They are synthetic materials that have exotic properties that cannot be found in nature: double negative materials, negative index materials, left-handed materials… Metasurfaces are the equivalent of metamaterials in the case of 2D structures. The properties of these surfaces are described in terms of tensorial or scalar surface impedances (analogous to the constitutive parameters for volumetric metamaterials). Metasurfaces [9], orbital angular momentum communication [10] or transformation optics [11]-[12].All these works are based on the propagation properties of waves over a sinusoidally modulated impedance [13]. By choosing an appropriate modulated surface impedance, it is possible to control the propagation of SW along a surface or to obtain the transition from SW to leaky wave (LW) modes in order to realize antennas [16], [17].Surfaces composed of sub-wavelength printed elements over grounded dielectric slabs were largely used in order to obtain modulated scalar impedances by locally changing the dimensions of the elements [1]- [15]. Symmetric elements are used to produce scalar impedances [1] [19]. However, the direction of the radiating aperture field (or the equivalent surface current) is dictated by the source [19]. This latter aspect limits the number of possible aperture field distributions that can be implemented.Recently, tensorial metasurfaces were successfully used in antenna design that can radiate CP waves [1], [20] and isoflux shaped beam antennas for space applications [20], [21].The additional degrees of freedom offered by tensorial metasurfaces could be used to overcome the limits of scalar solution by generalizing the procedure presented in [19].Our objective is to propose a systematic procedure for the design of metasurface antennas capable of implementing a general aperture field distribution (amplitude, phase and direction). The principal novelty of this approach is the independent control of the generated aperture field components. This important aspect (critical for general aperture implementation), is achieved by introducing independent modulations of the impedance tensorial components and a new exact holographic formulation. Moreover, average impedance variation along the propagation direction is introduced in ord...

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Artificial Impedance Surfaces for Antennas

Sievenpiper

2007

Modern Antenna Handbook

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Guided waves on sinusoidally-modulated reactance surfaces

Cited by 370 publications

References 2 publications

Analysis of a Waveguide-Fed Metasurface Antenna

Analysis of a Waveguide-Fed Metasurface Antenna

Implementation of Radiating Aperture Field Distribution Using Tensorial Metasurfaces

Artificial Impedance Surfaces for Antennas

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