Guidelines for Introducing Foreign Organisms into the United States for the Biological Control of Weeds

Race to Displace: A Game to Model the Effects of Invasive Species on Plant Communities

“…[25][26][27][28]; and improved weed management on Federal lands (pp. [30][31]; other gaps in legislation and regulation (pp.…”

“…7 The Nonindigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act of 1990 authorized FWS and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to issue regulations related to the prevention of unintentional introductions of aquatic nuisance species, like the zebra mussel. 8 Al-though none have been issued to date, eventual Tens of thousands of different species (most of regulations under the Act could impose additional the world's fauna, excluding insects) potentially restrictions on the importation of harmful aquatic could be legally imported into the United States MS (30). (81).…”

“…Amendments to the Lacey Act in 1981 authorized the FWS to enforce State laws prohibiting transport of species into a State, 9 but FWS enforcement is understaffed, underfunded, and has numerous other pressing responsibilities (74,121). Future implementation of the Nonindigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act could impose domestic regulations or quarantines for aquatic species (30).…”

“…The Federal Government imposes fines for bringing foreign material into the United States illegally, e.g., international, interstate, and intrastate violations of the Plant Pest Act, 30 the Plant Quarantine Act, 31 and the Lacey Act. 32 Both civil and criminal sanctions are involved.…”

“…A backlog of unfunded NIS control programs continues to expand (30). Increasing concern exists among scientists, environmentalists, and others that the threats from NIS in some National Parks are so severe that park ecosystems will be permanently altered if large-scale control and eradication efforts are not undertaken (43).…”